Springer 0% Katahdin
AT 2026 • February Start

Appalachian Trail
Field Guide

Springer Mountain → Mount Katahdin

2,190+ Miles of Trail-Tested Knowledge

Prepared for THEMAN

00
Chapter 00

⚠️ 2026 HELENE ADDENDUM — CRITICAL TRAIL UPDATES

Hurricane Helene (September 2024) caused significant infrastructure damage in North Carolina and Tennessee. Trail conditions differ from pre-2024 guidebooks.

Known Changes for 2026 NOBOs:

1. Nolichucky River Crossing (TN/NC Border - Mile ~350)

  • Status: No planned 2026 ferry service (2025 service ended; bridge rebuild starts 2026)
  • Solution: 3.6-mile road walk OR shuttle
  • Impact: Plan logistics in Erwin, TN before this section
  • Updates: Check ATC website and FarOut comments for current status

2. Iron Mountain Gap Area (Near Roan Highlands - Mile ~360-365)

  • Status: ~6-mile detour likely active through early 2026
  • Possible reopening: Fall 2025; confirm status via ATC alert before section
  • Check: ATC trail updates before reaching this section
  • Note: Adds mileage to daily plans in this area

3. General Trail Conditions (Georgia → Virginia)

  • Water sources: Southern water sources and tread may differ from pre-2024 data
  • Strategy: Rely on recent FarOut comments (2025-2026) over older guidebook data
  • Campsites: Some established sites may have changed; verify current conditions

Action Items:

  • ✅ Check ATC.org trail updates monthly before your start
  • ✅ Download latest FarOut updates before each town stop
  • ✅ Ask NOBOs you meet about recent conditions ahead
  • ✅ Build flexibility into daily mileage plans (detours add miles)

This addendum reflects conditions as of January 2025. Trail restoration is ongoing.

The Complete Appalachian Trail NOBO Field Guide

Springer Mountain, Georgia to Mount Katahdin, Maine 2,197.9 Miles of Trail-Tested Knowledge February Start Edition


Prepared by: Theman Based on 840+ Miles of Thru-Hiking Experience


The Philosophy Behind This Guide

This guide represents hundreds of hours of research, planning, and real-world trail experience distilled into a single comprehensive resource. It is not a theoretical exercise—it is a battle-tested system built on 840+ miles of completed thru-hikes across three major trail systems, earning the rare Sassafras Award from the Ozark Society.

The Appalachian Trail demands respect. It is 2,197.9 miles of variable terrain, unpredictable weather, and constant decision-making. Success requires more than fitness—it requires systems, knowledge, and the discipline to apply both consistently.

Core Principles

  • Prevention beats treatment—in gear, health, and decision-making
  • Consistency beats intensity—sustainable systems finish trails
  • Sleep and recovery are non-negotiable
  • Weight reduction comes from discipline, not deprivation
  • Every decision should serve one goal: reaching Katahdin

How to Use This Guide

This guide is organized by system rather than chronology. Each chapter addresses a critical aspect of thru-hiking and provides both the reasoning behind decisions and the specific protocols to follow. Read it before your hike, reference it during planning, and carry the key sections digitally for field use.

“The hikers who finish are not the strongest—they are the ones who listen, adapt, and stay patient.”

01
Chapter 01

Hiker Profile & Experience

Hiking Resume

This section documents verified long-distance completions, prior AT experience, and the skills that directly translate to Appalachian Trail readiness.

Completed Thru-Hikes

TrailDistanceElevation GainLocation
Ouachita Trail~223 miles~45,000 ftArkansas-Oklahoma
Ozark Highlands Trail~270 miles~35,000-40,000 ftNorthern Arkansas
Ozark Trail~230 miles~40,000 ftMissouri

Total Completed Mileage: ~720+ miles
Estimated Cumulative Elevation Gain: ~120,000+ feet

Recognition

Sassafras Award — Ozark Society
Awarded for completion of the Ouachita Trail, Ozark Highlands Trail, and Ozark Trail. 6th person in history to receive this award.

Prior Appalachian Trail Experience

  • Standing Bear Farm to Hot Springs, NC — ~35 miles | ~9,000 ft elevation gain | Full pack, winter conditions
  • Newfound Gap to Kuwohi (Overnight) — ~16 miles round trip | ~3,300 ft elevation gain | Shelter stay in ~17°F conditions | Summit: 6,643 ft (highest point on the AT)

Note: Clingmans Dome was officially renamed to “Kuwohi” in 2024, restoring its Cherokee name meaning “mulberry place.”

High-Elevation Experience (Comparison Benchmark)

Pikes Peak, Colorado — Crags Trail
~13 miles round trip | ~4,300 ft elevation gain | Summit elevation: 14,115 ft

Note: Pikes Peak is located in Colorado, not on the Appalachian Trail. This entry is included as a cardiovascular and altitude benchmark demonstrating capability for AT climbs.

Core Competencies

  • Multi-week self-supported backpacking
  • Cold-weather camping and shelter living
  • Sustained elevation gain/loss over long distances
  • Rugged, rocky, under-maintained trail systems
  • River crossings and navigation
  • Resupply planning and execution
  • Proven physical and mental endurance

Mountain Climb Readiness & Assessment

AT Miles Completed to Date

SectionDistanceConditionsKey Features
Standing Bear Farm → Hot Springs, NC~33 milesWinter, ~35 lb packSnowbird Mountain, High difficulty
Newfound Gap ↔ Kuwohi~15.6 miles RT~17°F, winter SmokiesEntirely high-altitude AT miles

TOTAL AT MILES HIKED: ~49 miles

These are hard miles, not summer or low-grade terrain.

Experience Benchmark: Pikes Peak (Colorado)

Crags Trail → Summit

  • Start elevation: ~10,000 ft
  • Summit: 14,115 ft
  • Net gain: ~4,100 ft
  • Distance: ~6.5 miles

What This Proves:

  • You’ve already matched Katahdin-level vertical
  • You started higher than any AT climb
  • Cardiovascularly, the AT holds no surprises

Note: This benchmark is for fitness comparison only—Pikes Peak is not on the Appalachian Trail.

What Your 49 AT Miles Mean

  • You are ahead of the average NOBO at Springer
  • Georgia and NC will not shock you
  • Virginia will annoy you, not break you
  • Whites and Maine demand respect, not fear

Most hikers learn these lessons in the first 200 miles. You already own them.

Readiness Assessment

CategoryScoreNotes
Physical Readiness9/10Long climbs proven, cold conditions proven
Mental Readiness10/10You’ve already hiked when it sucked, you know when to back off
Logistics Readiness8.5/10Trail rhythm still develops on-trail
OVERALL NOBO READINESS9/10

02
Chapter 02

At Mountain & Weather Reference

AT Mountain Reference & Field Decisions

Daily GO / NO-GO Check

  1. What’s today’s summit elevation?
  2. Town temp minus (3.5°F × elevation gain in thousands)
  3. Wind forecast?
  4. Any exposure above treeline?

If wind >30 mph or ice on rock: → Delay or bail

Major AT Climbs with Start Elevation

GEORGIA

PeakStart ElevationSummitNet Gain
Springer Mountain~3,200 ft3,782 ft~580 ft
Blood Mountain~3,100 ft (Neels Gap)4,458 ft~1,350 ft

NORTH CAROLINA / TENNESSEE

PeakStart ElevationSummitNet Gain
Standing Indian Mountain~3,500 ft5,499 ft~2,000 ft
Wayah Bald~3,800 ft5,342 ft~1,540 ft
Cheoah Bald~1,700 ft5,062 ft~3,300 ft
Kuwohi (Clingmans Dome)~5,000 ft6,643 ft~1,640 ft
Snowbird Mountain ✓~2,200 ft~4,260 ft~2,060 ft

VIRGINIA

PeakStart ElevationSummitNet Gain
Mount Rogers Area~4,000 ft5,729 ft~1,700 ft
The Priest~650 ft4,063 ft~3,400 ft
Three Ridges~1,500 ft~3,970 ft~2,470 ft

MID-ATLANTIC

PeakStart ElevationSummitNet Gain
Blue Mountain (PA)~800 ft~2,300 ft~1,500 ft

NEW ENGLAND

PeakStart ElevationSummitNet Gain
Mount Greylock~1,800 ft3,491 ft~1,700 ft
Mount Moosilauke~2,000 ft4,802 ft~2,800 ft
Franconia Ridge (Mt. Lafayette)~3,000 ft5,249 ft~2,250 ft
Mount Washington~2,400 ft6,288 ft~3,900 ft

MAINE

PeakStart ElevationSummitNet Gain
Bigelow Range~1,300 ft4,145 ft~2,800 ft
Mount Katahdin~1,200 ft5,269 ft~4,000 ft

Ranked Difficulty (Reality-Based)

TIER 1 — LEGENDARY

  • Mount Washington
  • Mount Katahdin
  • The Priest

TIER 2 — MAJOR GRINDERS

  • Snowbird Mountain
  • Cheoah Bald
  • Mount Moosilauke
  • Franconia Ridge

TIER 3 — HARD BUT MANAGEABLE

  • Blood Mountain
  • Kuwohi (Clingmans Dome)
  • Bigelow Range

Weather & Elevation Rules

Temperature Rule

Temperature Lapse Rates by Condition:

  • Standard (dry air): -3.5°F per 1,000 ft gained
  • Moist air: -3.3°F per 1,000 ft gained
  • Worst-case (dry, windy): -5.5°F per 1,000 ft gained

Use worst-case for safety planning on exposed ridges and balds.

Wind Chill Guidelines

Wind SpeedFeels Like
10 mph~9°F colder
20 mph~15°F colder
30 mph~19°F colder
40+ mph~22°F+ colder

Hard Bail Conditions

  • Wind >30 mph above treeline
  • Ice on rock
  • Freezing rain
  • Visibility <100 ft
  • Rapid temperature drop (>15°F/hour)

Month-by-Month Risk Overview (NOBO)

MonthRegionConditionsRisk Level
FebruaryGA → Southern NCCold, ice risk, short daylightModerate-High
MarchSmokiesHigh elevation, severe wind chillHigh
AprilNC → VAWet, improving tempsModerate
MayCentral VAHeat + steep climbsModerate
JuneShenandoahs → PARocks, fatigueLow-Moderate
JulyNY → VTHeat, storms, mudModerate
AugustWhites (NH)Exposure, extreme weatherVery High
SeptemberMaineCold, wet rock, fatigueHigh

03
Chapter 03

Gear System

Chapter 1: Base Weight Philosophy

Base weight is the foundation of sustainable long-distance hiking. Every ounce carried compounds over thousands of miles into joint stress, fatigue, and potential injury. However, ultralight ideology taken too far sacrifices sleep quality, safety, and morale—the very things that enable trail completion.

This gear system prioritizes:

  • Sleep quality and recovery above all else
  • Safety systems that function in worst-case conditions
  • Durability over marginal weight savings
  • Realistic winter capability for February start

Chapter 2: Complete Base Weight Breakdown

CARRIED WEIGHT (In Pack): 26.33 lb

Backpack & Organization

ItemWeight
Osprey Atmos AG LT 5067.0 oz
8L Dry Bags (4 total: clothes, sleep system x2, misc)8.8 oz

Shelter System

ItemWeight
Durston 1+ Tent (body + fly + poles)36.8 oz
Tent stakes (10)3.5 oz
Guylines2.5 oz

Sleep System

ItemWeight
Zenbivy 10° Down Quilt29.5 oz
Zenbivy Down Sheet19.0 oz
Sleeping Pad (R ≈ 8)25.0 oz
Pillow (inflatable)3.0 oz

Note: The Zenbivy Down Sheet is required as part of the integrated Zenbivy sleep system - it works with the quilt to provide draft protection and complete the footbox design.

Clothing (Carried in Pack)

ItemWeight
Smartwool Merino 250 Sleep Top8.5 oz
Smartwool Merino 250 Sleep Pants8.7 oz
Sleep Socks3.7 oz
Short-Sleeve Shirt (lightweight synthetic)6.0 oz
Sun Hoodie (long-sleeve)7.0 oz
Mountain Hardwear Down Puffy8.5 oz
Outdoor Research Rain Jacket12.9 oz

Clothing (Worn While Hiking)

ItemWeight
Rab Tights8.0 oz
Rab Proflex Rain Pants11.6 oz
Rab Alpha Freak (Polartec Alpha Direct)12.7 oz
Smartwool Hiking Socks3.7 oz
Underwear3.2 oz
Buff2.3 oz
Liner Gloves1.5 oz
Waterproof Shell Mitts1.0 oz
Gaiters2.0 oz
Smartwool Merino 150 Beanie0.6 oz
Ball Cap2.0 oz
Apple Watch Ultra + charging cable2.4 oz

Kitchen System

ItemWeight
Stove3.0 oz
TOAKS 750ml Titanium Cup3.6 oz
Cup Lid0.9 oz
Spoon1.6 oz
Fuel Canister (full)7.0 oz
Lighter + Backup0.8 oz

Note: True minimalist system - TOAKS cup serves as both cooking vessel and eating vessel. No separate cook pot carried.

Electronics (Fanny Pack)

ItemWeight
iPhone7.9 oz
Anker Nano Power Bank 20K (20,000 mAh)11.0 oz
Nitecore NB10000 Gen 3 (10,000 mAh)5.3 oz
UGREEN Nexode 65W GaN Charger (3-port)4.5 oz
Garmin inReach Mini 23.5 oz
Ray-Ban Meta Gen 2 Smart Glasses + Case6.4 oz
Headlamp1.5 oz

Note: Ray-Ban Meta glasses tested and confirmed functional in freezing temperatures for winter content creation.

Total Battery Capacity: 30,000 mAh (20k + 10k)
Charging Strategy: Both batteries charge overnight during zero days (every 6 days). Anker Nano has built-in USB-C cable; Nitecore NB10000 also has built-in cable.
Advantage: Dual battery system provides redundancy and 30k mAh total capacity - sufficient for 5-day stretches with Ray-Ban Meta content creation.

Tools & Safety

ItemWeight
Knife4.5 oz
BeFree 1L Water Filter2.3 oz
Microspikes - Kahtoola (winter only)11.9 oz
Xero Z-Trail Sandals (camp shoes)7.0 oz
Opsack 12L (odor-proof food bag)0.5 oz

First Aid Kit

ItemWeight
First aid kit (emergency blanket, tape, bandages, bandaids, Advil, ankle brace)4.5 oz

Toiletries Kit

ItemWeight
Toothpaste (travel size)1.0 oz
Toothbrush (cut handle)0.3 oz
Dr. Bronner’s soap (2 oz)2.0 oz
Hand sanitizer (2 oz)2.0 oz
Toiletries bag0.5 oz

Gear Worn While Hiking

ItemWeight
Trekking Poles (pair)18.0 oz
Bauerfeind Hinged Knee Brace10.6 oz

WEIGHT TOTALS

  • Total Base Weight (Carried in Pack): 21.49 lb
  • Worn Weight (On Body): 4.97 lb
  • Total Pack + Worn Weight: 26.47 lb
  • Typical Trail Weight (+ 7 lb food + 1L water): ~35.7 lb

After Microspikes Drop (Hot Springs, NC - Mile 274):

  • Base Weight (Carried): 20.75 lb
  • Total Pack + Worn: 25.73 lb
  • Typical Trail Weight (+ food/water): ~34.9 lb

Recent Updates:

  • Battery system: Anker Nano 20K (11 oz) + Nitecore NB10000 (5.3 oz) = 16.3 oz total, 30,000 mAh capacity
  • 4x 8L dry bags for organization (8.8 oz total)
  • Opsack (0.5 oz), First Aid Kit (4.5 oz), Toiletries (5.8 oz)
  • Apple Watch Ultra + cable (2.4 oz worn), Ball cap (2.0 oz worn)
  • Xero Z-Trail sandals (7 oz), 3 oz pillow upgrade

Chapter 3: Gear Transitions

This gear system is designed to evolve with trail conditions. Carrying winter gear through summer is unnecessary weight; arriving in the Whites without proper equipment is dangerous.

Hot Springs, NC — First Transition

Items Dropped:

  • Microspikes (11.9 oz)
  • Chemical water treatment tablets

Changes Made:

  • Switch from chemical treatment to filter-only
  • Base weight drops from 21.72 lb to 20.98 lb
  • Trail weight: ~35.2 lb

Rationale: Elevation drops after Hot Springs. Freeze-thaw risk largely ends. Filter freeze risk becomes manageable. Ice/snow risk ends.

Damascus, VA — Major Transition

Items Dropped:

  • Osprey Atmos AG LT 50 (67 oz)
  • Smartwool 250 Sleep Pants (8.7 oz)
  • Zenbivy 10° Down Quilt (29.5 oz)
  • R-8 Sleeping Pad (25.0 oz)
  • Total dropped: 130.2 oz (8.14 lb)

Items Added/Switched:

  • Hyperlite Mountain Gear Southwest 55L (29 oz)
  • Lightweight sleep layers
  • Vesper Quilt 20-30°F (estimated 20 oz)
  • R-3.5 Sleeping Pad (estimated 15 oz)
  • Total added: 64 oz (4.0 lb)

Net Weight Savings: 66.2 oz (4.14 lb)

Post-Damascus Base Weight:

  • Before Damascus: 20.75 lb (after dropping microspikes at Hot Springs)
  • After Damascus transition: 16.61 lb
  • Total Pack + Worn: 21.59 lb
  • Trail Weight: ~30.8 lb

Rationale:

  • Daytime temps consistently 50s-60s. Nights rarely below freezing. Sleep warmth becomes comfort-based, not survival-based.
  • With lighter gear, the Osprey’s heavy-duty suspension is no longer needed. Hyperlite Southwest 55L’s waterproof Dyneema construction handles lighter loads efficiently.
  • Pack change enables significant weight reduction (38 oz savings) while maintaining adequate capacity. Dyneema is bombproof and fully waterproof.

Summer Strategy Notes (Miles 469+):

  • Water carry increases: Hot/humid conditions require 2-3L total capacity (vs 1-2L in winter). Carry 2L in pack + 1L in bottle on hot days.
  • Bug season: May-July peak. Permethrin-treat all clothing before Damascus. Consider adding headnet if bugs are severe.
  • Humidity: Sleep clothes dry slower. Air out gear daily. Consider switching to synthetic base layers if Merino takes too long to dry.
  • Thunderstorms: Summer = daily afternoon storms. Start early, get miles done by 2-3pm when possible.
  • Sun exposure: Longer days = more sun. Reapply sunscreen frequently, use sun hoodie.

Complete Weight Progression Summary

Phase 1: Winter Survival (Miles 0-274)

  • Base Weight: 21.49 lb
  • Total Pack + Worn: 26.47 lb
  • Trail Weight: ~35.7 lb
  • Gear: Full winter kit (Osprey Atmos, Zenbivy 10°, R-8 pad, microspikes, dual battery system)

Phase 2: Spring Transition (Miles 274-469)

  • Base Weight: 20.75 lb (dropped microspikes)
  • Total Pack + Worn: 25.73 lb
  • Trail Weight: ~34.9 lb
  • Gear: Winter sleep system, transitioning out of extreme cold

Phase 3: Summer Lightweight (Miles 469+)

  • Base Weight: 16.61 lb (after Damascus transition)
  • Total Pack + Worn: 21.59 lb
  • Trail Weight: ~30.8 lb
  • Gear: Hyperlite Mountain Gear Southwest 55L, Vesper Quilt, R-3.5 pad

Total Weight Reduction: 4.88 lb (21.49 → 16.61 lb base weight)

This represents a 24% reduction in base weight from winter to summer configuration, achieved through strategic gear transitions rather than compromising safety or comfort. The Hyperlite Southwest’s waterproof Dyneema construction eliminates the need for a pack liner while saving 2.38 lb compared to the Osprey Atmos.


Chapter 4: Hard Shakedown Principles

Weight reduction is achieved through discipline and redundancy removal—not by sacrificing sleep, safety, or morale.

Zone 1: Electronics Discipline

Electronics creep is the single biggest silent weight problem for experienced hikers.

  • Keep: 1 primary charging cable, 1 backup cable, 1 wall charger, 1 battery bank
  • Cut: Duplicate adapters, long cables, ‘maybe I’ll need it’ electronics

Expected Savings: 6-10 oz

Zone 2: Clothing

Cut clothing that doesn’t get used, not insulation.

  • Allowed roles: Hiking, Sleeping/Dry, Insulation
  • Hard limit: 1 hiking set, 1 sleep set, 1 insulation system

Expected Savings: 8-16 oz

Zone 3: Cook System

  • Keep: One pot, one spoon, one mini Bic
  • Cut if present: Backup lighter, extra utensil, windscreen (unless required)

Expected Savings: 4-8 oz

Zone 4: Consumables

Repackage into 3-5 day amounts: toothpaste, soap, sunscreen, wet wipes, meds.

Rule: Refill in town. Do not carry fear weight.

Expected Savings: 6-10 oz

Zone 5: Tools & Just-in-Case Items

  • Cut: Overbuilt repair kits, excess cordage, multi-tools doing single jobs

Rule: If unused for 7 trail days, it goes in a hiker box.

Expected Savings: 4-6 oz


04
Chapter 04

Clothing System

Core Principles

  • Dry at night. Warm while moving. Block wind always.
  • Wet hiking clothes are acceptable.
  • Wet + cold + static is dangerous.
  • Sleep layers are sacred and never hiked in.
  • Calories are heat.

Layer Definitions

Base Hiking Layer

  • Sun Hoodie - long-sleeve (7.0 oz)

Primary role: Primary hiking shirt for all conditions
Secondary: Sun protection, base layer under Alpha Freak in cold

Purpose: Moisture wicking, sun protection, base warmth layer

Base Layer (Next-to-Skin)

  • Smartwool merino long johns (8.7 oz)

Primary role: Sleep + camp
Secondary: Rare, brief emergency daytime use only

Active Mid Layer

  • Top: Rab Alpha Freak - Polartec Alpha Direct (12.7 oz)
  • Bottom: Rab Tights (8.0 oz)

Purpose: Warmth while moving, breathable insulation, primary hiking warmth layer in cold conditions

Shell Layer

  • Waterproof rain jacket (12.9 oz)
  • Rab Proflex Rain Pants (11.6 oz)

Purpose: Wind and precipitation protection. Critical on ridges and during stops.

Insulation Layer (Static Only)

  • Mountain Hardwear Down Puffy (8.5 oz)

Purpose: Camp warmth. Emergency heat retention. Not used while hiking except in emergencies.

Layering by Temperature

ConditionsLayers
60°F+, Moving/DryShort-sleeve shirt or sun hoodie, tights or tights + rain pants if windy
45-60°F, Moving/DrySun hoodie, tights or tights + rain pants if windy
35-45°F, Moving/DrySun hoodie + Alpha Freak, tights + rain pants, Buff optional
25-35°F, Moving/DrySun hoodie + Alpha Freak, tights + rain pants, Buff, shell for wind only
20-30°F, Moving/Snow/WindSun hoodie + Alpha Freak + shell, tights + rain pants, Buff, gloves
Camp/Static (Any Temp)Down puffy ON immediately, shell over puffy if windy, never rely on Alpha for static warmth
Sleep (Every Night)Smartwool 250 sleep top and pants, dry socks, puffy inside quilt if temps drop

72-Hour Cold/Wet Survival Protocol

Morning

  • Eat something
  • Pack sleep clothes first (dry bag)
  • Accept wet hiking clothes
  • Start slightly cool

Moving in Rain/Sleet/Snow

  • Alpha Freak + shell
  • Rain pants
  • Vent early to avoid sweat buildup
  • Eat every 60-90 minutes

Never hike in the down puffy.

End-of-Day (Non-Negotiable)

  • Strip wet clothes immediately
  • Put on dry Smartwool sleep top and pants
  • Puffy on immediately
  • Eat calories
  • Get into quilt early

If Forced to Stop (Injury/Delay)

  • Puffy on
  • Shell on
  • Buff + gloves on
  • Get off the ground
  • Preserve heat first

Cold Weather Clothing System - Comprehensive Details

Definitive Layer Definitions

These definitions are fixed and used consistently throughout this plan.

Base Layer (Next-to-Skin)

  • Base Bottom: Smartwool merino long johns (8.7 oz)
  • Primary role: sleep + camp
  • Secondary role: rare, brief emergency daytime use only

Purpose: Moisture management, sleep insulation, odor control

Active Mid Layer

  • Top: Rab Alpha Freak - Polartec Alpha Direct (12.7 oz)

Purpose: Warmth while moving, breathable insulation, primary hiking warmth layer in cold conditions

Shell Layer

  • Top: Outdoor Research Rain Jacket (12.9 oz)
  • Bottom: Rab Proflex Rain Pants (11.6 oz)

Purpose: Wind protection, rain/snow/sleet protection, critical on ridges and during stops

Insulation Layer (Static Only)

  • Mountain Hardwear Down Puffy (8.5 oz)

Purpose: Camp warmth, emergency heat retention, not used while hiking except in emergencies

Head & Neck System

  • Beanie: Smartwool Merino 150 Beanie (0.6 oz)
  • Neck Gaiter: Buff (2.3 oz)
  • Hood Integration: Shell and puffy jackets both have hoods for additional protection

Purpose: Prevent convective heat loss, wind protection on ridges, sleep system efficiency, cold rain and snow protection

Hands & Feet (Supporting System)

  • Liner gloves (1.5 oz)
  • Waterproof shell mitts (1.0 oz)
  • Smartwool Hiking Socks - 2 pairs (3.7 oz each)
  • Dedicated dry sleep socks (3.7 oz)
  • Gaiters (2.0 oz)
  • Microspikes - Kahtoola (11.9 oz, as conditions require)

Sleep System (Context)

  • High-R-value pad (R-8)
  • Cold-weather sleep insulation
  • Dry base layers
  • Beanie and gaiter used at night as needed

Core Principles (Non-Negotiable Rules)

  1. Start hiking slightly cold
  2. Prevent sweat at all costs
  3. Adjust early, not late
  4. Base bottoms are for sleep and camp (used while hiking only in extreme cold, briefly)
  5. Head and neck insulation is critical
  6. Cold is acceptable — heat loss is not
  7. If wet + cold = slow down or stop early

Final System Verdict

  • All critical layers are present
  • Head/neck insulation gap is closed
  • Sleep system is protected
  • Wind, wet, and cold are all addressed
  • No additional clothing is required

Cold may be felt, but it can always be managed. There is nothing missing that would prevent warmth or safety.

Final Confidence Statement

At this point:

  • Cold issues would be caused by decisions, not gear
  • Sweat management and calorie intake are the main variables
  • The system allows recovery from cold, wind, and wet conditions
  • This setup is appropriate for early-season Appalachian Trail hiking

Stop buying gear. This system is complete.


05
Chapter 05

Water Treatment System

Final System Decision

Primary: Hollow-fiber filter (BeFree or Platypus QuickDraw class)
Backup: Chlorine dioxide tablets

Why This Combination

  • Filters cannot be reliably tested after possible freezing
  • Chemical drops provide guaranteed backup
  • Both systems require waiting time in cold water (30-45 minutes)
  • Filter + drops provides maximum margin

Tablet Selection

Potable Aqua — Chlorine Dioxide Water Purification Tablets

  • Same chemistry as Aquamira drops
  • Kills bacteria, viruses, Giardia
  • Kills Cryptosporidium with extended time
  • Best taste among widely available tablets
  • Cannot freeze

Supply Math

  • Daily water use: 3 liters
  • 1 tablet = 1 liter
  • 60 days = 180 tablets
  • Buy 10 packs (20 tablets each) = 200 liters coverage

Winter Workflow

Step 1 — Collect

Scoop water into dirty bottle or bag. Choose clearest source available.

Step 2 — Filter

Filter into 1L Smartwater bottle. Removes sediment, improves taste. Water is NOT virus-safe yet.

Step 3 — Purify

Drop 1 chlorine dioxide tablet into bottle. Cap and gently shake.

Step 4 — Wait

  • Normal filtered spring water: 30-45 minutes
  • Cold, questionable, high-use areas: up to 4 hours

Step 5 — Drink

Water is now safe from bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.

Freeze Protection Rules

Night Rule (Non-Negotiable)

Liquids and lithium sleep with you.

Put these inside your sleeping bag every night:

  • Filter
  • Tablets
  • Batteries
  • Glasses
  • Phone / InReach

Day Rule

After using the filter:

  • Shake out excess water
  • Put filter immediately against your body
  • Inner jacket pocket or fanny pack

What Does NOT Work

  • Backpack pockets
  • Wrapped in clothes inside pack
  • Insulated sleeves without body heat

Insulation without heat always loses overnight.

Comprehensive Water Sources Guide

What “Reliable” Means

Reliable = dependable flow, not sterile water.

All listed sources:

  • Are spring-fed, major creeks, rivers, or established shelter sources
  • Are known to persist even in drier years
  • Still require treatment every time

Treatment Rule (Non-Negotiable)

For all listed reliable sources:

  • Filter or chemical drops are sufficient
  • Filter + drops (your system) provides maximum margin

Treatment is assumed every time.

When to Pause Even at a Listed Source

Reassess or skip a listed source if you see:

  • Algae or green film
  • Strong odor
  • Heavy animal activity in the water
  • Obvious flood runoff immediately after heavy rain

If that happens:

  • Move upstream if possible
  • Or walk on to the next reliable anchor

These situations are rare — but judgment still applies.

Quick Legend (Field Use)

SourceStatus
Listed source + treatment🟢 Safe to use
Listed source + visual red flags🟡 Reassess / walk upstream
Unlisted water (puddles, runoff, ponds)🔴 Treatment alone is not a guarantee

Reliable Water Sources — Northbound

GEORGIA (Springer Mountain to NC Border)

  • Springer Shelter spring (mile 0.0)
  • Stover Creek (4.1)
  • Hawk Mountain Shelter spring (9.6)
  • Gooch Mountain Shelter spring (15.6)
  • Lance Creek (20.6)
  • Woods Hole Shelter spring (26.6)
  • Neels Gap / Mountain Crossings (31.7)
  • Low Gap Shelter spring (35.9)
  • Blue Mountain Shelter spring (40.6)
  • Tray Mountain Shelter spring (43.0)
  • Deep Gap Shelter spring (50.6)
  • Dick’s Creek (53.7)
  • Plumorchard Gap Shelter spring (69.2)
  • Muskrat Creek Shelter spring (74.9)

NORTH CAROLINA / TENNESSEE (Fontana Dam to Hot Springs)

  • Fontana Dam spigot (164.6)
  • Cable Gap Shelter spring (170.7)
  • Brown Fork Gap Shelter spring (177.7)
  • Spence Field Shelter spring (186.9)
  • Derrick Knob Shelter spring (197.3)
  • Double Spring Gap Shelter spring (202.8)
  • Mt. Collins Shelter spring (207.7)
  • Newfound Gap (211.3)
  • Icewater Spring Shelter (219.4)
  • Peck’s Corner Shelter spring (237.6)
  • Tricorner Knob Shelter spring (241.7)
  • Davenport Gap Shelter spring (252.9)
  • Standing Bear Farm (257.6)
  • Groundhog Creek Shelter spring (274.7)
  • Walnut Mountain Shelter spring (282.9)
  • Hot Springs town water (288.2)

TENNESSEE / VIRGINIA HIGHLANDS (Hot Springs to Damascus)

  • Rich Mountain Shelter spring (~292)
  • Hogback Ridge Shelter spring (~302)
  • Flint Mountain Shelter spring (~315)
  • Jerry Cabin Shelter spring (~324)
  • Little Laurel Shelter spring (~333)
  • Laurel Fork (~340)
  • Dennis Cove (~345)
  • Overmountain Shelter spring (~356)
  • Stan Murray Shelter spring (~368)
  • Roan High Knob Shelter spring (~375)
  • Ash Gap (~380)
  • Kincora Hostel (~388)
  • Vandeventer Shelter spring (~405)
  • Iron Mountain Shelter spring (~421)
  • Partnership Shelter (~442)
  • Wise Shelter spring (~451)
  • Old Orchard Shelter spring (~460)
  • Trimpi Shelter spring (~467)
  • Damascus town water (~469)

VIRGINIA (Damascus to Shenandoah National Park)

  • Saunders Shelter spring (~475)
  • Lost Mountain Shelter spring (~485)
  • Hurricane Mountain Shelter spring (~497)
  • Watauga Lake inlet (~508)
  • Chestnut Knob Shelter spring (~518)
  • Jenkins Shelter spring (~532)
  • Knot Maul Branch (~545)
  • Bryant Ridge Shelter spring (~559)
  • Jenny Knob Shelter spring (~574)
  • Cove Mountain Shelter spring (~588)
  • Fullhardt Knob Shelter spring (~604)
  • Brown Mountain Creek (~618)
  • Matts Creek Shelter (river source) (~633)
  • Johns Hollow Shelter spring (~652)
  • James River (~681)
  • Punchbowl Shelter spring (~698)
  • Seeley-Woodworth Shelter spring (~713)
  • Cow Camp Gap Shelter spring (~733)
  • Maupin Field Shelter spring (~754)
  • Rockfish Gap (Shenandoah NP) (~780)

SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK

  • Loft Mountain Camp (~792)
  • Big Meadows (~820)
  • Skyland (~844)
  • Pass Mountain Hut (~860)
  • Elkwallow (~872)
  • Front Royal town water (~887)

This is the most water-abundant section of the trail.

MID-ATLANTIC (WV / MD / PA / NJ / NY)

  • Crampton Gap spring (~1,026)
  • Pine Grove Furnace (~1,102)
  • Quarry Gap Shelter spring (~1,126)
  • Wind Gap (~1,231)
  • High Point Shelter spring (~1,317)
  • Wildcat Shelter spring (~1,348)
  • Bear Mountain visitor area (~1,410)
  • Graymoor Monastery (~1,436)
  • Pawling town water (~1,463)

NEW ENGLAND (CT / MA / VT / NH / ME)

  • Upper Goose Pond Cabin (pump) (~1,527)
  • Dalton town water (~1,570)
  • Clarendon Gorge (river) (~1,663)
  • Killington Shelter spring (~1,699)
  • Hanover town water (~1,747)
  • Kinsman Notch Camp (~1,820)
  • AMC Hut system (NH Whites) (~1,830-1,888)
  • Carter Notch Hut (~1,863)
  • Gorham town water (~1,904)
  • Andover town water (~1,975)
  • Rangeley town water (~2,001)
  • Kennebec River ferry (~2,013)
  • Monson town water (~2,077)
  • Rainbow Stream (~2,095)
  • Antlers Campsite (lake outlet) (~2,144)
  • Hurd Brook (~2,153)
  • The Birches (ranger water) (~2,168)
  • Katahdin Stream (final source) (~2,193)

Water Types — What to Use & What to Avoid

🟢 BEST WATER (GREEN LIGHT)

  • Piped springs
  • Flowing springs
  • Rock-fed hillside trickles
  • Waterfalls
  • Fast, cold creeks

Filter or drops work well. Filter + drops is ideal.

🟡 ACCEPTABLE WITH CAUTION (YELLOW LIGHT)

  • Clear pooled spring seeps
  • Large rivers (upstream of human activity)
  • Large, cold lakes (prefer inflow streams)
  • Fresh, clean snow (must be melted and treated)

Use full treatment protocol.

🔴 AVOID EVEN WITH TREATMENT (RED LIGHT)

  • Rain puddles
  • Beaver ponds
  • Warm stagnant pools
  • Algae-covered water
  • Road or farm runoff
  • Water with chemical or rotten smell

Treatment does not make these safe.

Questionable Water Protocol

When you hesitate at a source, ask:

  1. Cold or warm?
  2. Moving or pooled?
  3. Rock source or dirt runoff?
  4. Any smell, algae, or animal tracks?

If any answer is wrong, treatment alone is not enough.

If forced:

  • Pre-filter
  • Filter
  • Drops
  • Full or double contact time
  • Don’t chug immediately

This reduces risk — it does not erase it.

Winter vs Summer Reality

SeasonConditions
WinterFewer visible sources, cleaner water, lower biological risk
SummerMore water, higher contamination risk, be more selective

The 1-Liter Rule (Realistic)

1 liter works when:

  • Sources are reliable
  • Quality is high
  • Temps are cool

Break the rule intentionally when:

  • Long dry stretches
  • Questionable water ahead
  • High heat or exposure

Carrying extra temporarily is smart, not failure.

Section-Specific Water Reliability

Standing Bear Farm to Hot Springs, NC

Distance: ~33 miles
Mile ~241 to ~274

Reliable Water Sources (What Actually Holds Up)

Standing Bear Farm Hostel (Mile ~241)

  • Spigot / creek
  • Fully reliable
  • Last easy, guaranteed water before ridge travel

Groundhog Creek (Mile ~248)

  • Creek crossing
  • Very reliable
  • One of the most dependable water sources in this entire stretch

Deer Park Mountain Shelter — Little Laurel Creek (Mile ~268-269)

  • Creek-fed water source
  • Year-round reliability
  • This is the creek most hikers remember as “finally real water again”

Note: Little Laurel Creek is the creek beside Deer Park Shelter — many hikers never hear the name, they just know the water.

Hot Springs, NC (Mile ~274)

  • Town water
  • Unlimited treated sources
  • Psychological and logistical reset point

Seasonal or Unreliable Sources (AWOL & FarOut Overstate These)

Garenflo Gap Area Spring (Mile ~244)

  • Sometimes flowing
  • Often low or frozen
  • Do not plan around it without confirmation

Max Patch Area Springs (Mile ~250)

  • Very low output
  • Often a trickle
  • Exists on paper more than in practice

Walnut Mountain Shelter Spring (Mile ~255)

  • Spring-fed
  • Frequently low, frozen, or dry
  • One of the most misleading “reliable” listings in guides

Bluff Mountain Area Seeps (Mile ~260)

  • Intermittent
  • Rain-dependent
  • Not reliable in cold or dry stretches

Why AWOL Shows Water That Isn’t Reliable

AWOL marks water based on:

  • Historical existence
  • Average-year assumptions
  • Warm-season bias

AWOL does not account for:

  • Freeze
  • Low-flow springs
  • Drought cycles
  • Ridge exposure
  • Removed shelters

AWOL water icons mean: “This source exists sometimes.”
They do not mean: “You can rely on this today.”

FarOut Water Icons — How Reliable Are They?

The truth:

  • FarOut is more accurate than AWOL
  • FarOut is still not guaranteed

Why FarOut is better:

  • Crowd-sourced updates
  • Recent comments (gold standard)
  • Freeze and dry reports

Why FarOut still fails:

  • Early-season lack of comments
  • Springs marked as “available” even when barely flowing
  • No dynamic drought or freeze adjustment

How to use FarOut correctly:

  1. Ignore the icon alone
  2. Read recent comments (last 7-10 days)
  3. Trust creeks, verify springs
  4. Always identify your next guaranteed source

Real-World Water Planning Rules

  • Creeks = trust
  • Springs = verify
  • Seeps = ignore
  • Never skip water before a ridge
  • Carry extra when shelter water is spring-fed
  • Ask: “What’s my next guaranteed creek?”

You followed these instincts naturally — that’s experienced hiker behavior.


06
Chapter 06

Shelter Vs. Tent Decision System

Core Philosophy

  • Tent is the default
  • Shelters are a safety tool, not a comfort choice
  • Poor sleep and mouse exposure are accepted costs only when risk outweighs discomfort
  • Decisions are made using objective triggers, not mood or convenience

When Shelter Becomes the Right Decision

Go to a shelter if ANY ONE of the following is true:

1. Wind + Cold Combination

  • Temps below ~25°F
  • Sustained wind 15+ mph or gusts 20+ mph
  • Exposed ridge or saddle
  • You feel cold before stopping

2. Freezing Rain or Heavy Wet Snow

Automatic shelter night. No debate.

3. Ground Conditions You Cannot Mitigate

  • Solid ice
  • Snow too deep to anchor
  • No flat or drained tent sites

4. You Are Wet and Can’t Get Dry Before Dark

  • Damp clothing
  • Temps dropping
  • No sun left
  • Hands losing dexterity

5. Mental or Physical Exhaustion

  • Foggy thinking
  • Irritation during setup
  • Skipping food or water steps

Shelter reduces complexity when judgment is compromised.

What Is NOT a Shelter Trigger

  • It’s cold but dry and calm
  • You’re tired but functional
  • Others are staying there
  • You want convenience

Tent handles those conditions fine.

Winter Decision Framework - Comprehensive

Georgia vs NC Terrain Comparison (Reality)

Blood Mountain (Georgia)

  • Shorter but steeper
  • Elevation gain is compressed
  • Switchbacks exist but are aggressive
  • Descent into Neel Gap is harder than the climb
  • Punishes pacing mistakes early

Snowbird / Walnut / Max Patch (NC)

  • Longer, sustained climbs
  • Easier to find rhythm
  • Weather exposure lasts longer
  • More endurance-based suffering

Bottom line: Blood Mountain is not taller, but it hits harder sooner. You already handled equal or harder terrain in NC.

Winter Tent-Site Scoring Checklist

Score each category 0-2. Total possible: 10 points.

Interpretation:

  • 7-10 → Tent is correct
  • 4-6 → Tent only if weather is stable
  • 0-3 → Shelter is the smart move

1. Wind Protection

  • 2: Fully protected, calm
  • 1: Partial protection
  • 0: Exposed, funneling wind

2. Ground Quality

  • 2: Flat, drains well, stakes hold
  • 1: Minor slope or frozen top layer
  • 0: Ice, pooled water, unusable ground

3. Moisture Risk

  • 2: Dry ground, stable weather
  • 1: Damp but manageable
  • 0: Freezing rain or heavy wet snow

4. Setup Control

  • 2: Calm, deliberate setup
  • 1: Minor fumbling
  • 0: Hands failing, rushing, irritation

5. Overnight Confidence

Ask: “Will this still work if conditions worsen at 3 a.m.?”

  • 2: Yes, confidently
  • 1: Maybe, thin margin
  • 0: No, hoping it holds

Hope is not a winter strategy.

One-Minute Decision Prompt

Before committing to camp, ask:

  1. Am I dry right now?
  2. Is wind increasing or decreasing?
  3. Can I pitch cleanly without rushing?
  4. Will this setup keep me warm at 3 a.m.?

If any answer feels shaky, shelter is the correct call.

Shelter Night Protocol (When You Go In)

Once shelter is chosen, you switch modes.

Arrival

  • Scan for mice
  • Choose sleeping spot away from walls and corners
  • Identify food hang or bear box immediately

Food & Scent Lockdown (FIRST ACTION)

  • Food, trash, toothpaste, lip balm, sanitizer, wrappers — all together
  • Hang or box immediately
  • Nothing scented touches the floor
  • Pack stays closed

Gear Control

Keep with you:

  • Headlamp
  • Phone
  • Filter (inside bag)
  • Battery bank
  • Water bottle

Never leave loose:

  • Gloves
  • Socks
  • Trek pole handles
  • Hip belt pockets

Night Behavior

  • No food after final hang
  • No wrappers opened
  • Ignore mice unless contacting gear
  • Shoes upright, not flat

Morning Exit

  1. Pack sleep system
  2. Pack all non-food gear
  3. Retrieve food last
  4. Eat outside if possible
  5. Visual sweep for crumbs

07
Chapter 07

Weather Strategy

Temperature Planning

Elevation Temperature Drop

Worst-case planning: 5.5°F colder per 1,000 feet of elevation gain

This represents dry air, strong mixing, and cold-biased conditions.

Example: Hot Springs to Max Patch

  • Hot Springs: ~1,300 ft
  • Max Patch summit: ~4,629 ft
  • Elevation gain: ~3,329 ft

If 30°F in Hot Springs:

  • 1,000 ft up: 24.5°F
  • 2,000 ft up: 19.0°F
  • Max Patch: ~12°F (before wind chill)

Wind Chill Impact

At 12°F air temperature:

Wind SpeedFeels Like
5 mph~4°F
10 mph~-1°F
15 mph~-4°F
20 mph~-6°F

Field-Use Mental Shortcut

When you’re hiking and checking a town forecast:

  1. Subtract 5-6°F per 1,000 ft
  2. Add wind penalty:
    • +5 mph ≈ feels 4-6°F colder
    • +10 mph ≈ feels 8-12°F colder
    • +20 mph ≈ feels 15-25°F colder
  3. If it’s a bald, assume wind exists

Bottom Line (Planning Truth)

If you plan for this document’s numbers:

  • You will never be underdressed
  • You will never be surprised
  • You will always have margin

This is exactly how experienced winter and shoulder-season AT hikers think.

Heat Timeline & Strategy

Start Date: February 1
Direction: Northbound (NOBO)
Daily Pace: 8-10 miles per hiking day
Realistic Calendar Pace: ~7-8 trail miles/day including zero/nero days

When Heat STARTS to Matter

Heat Onset Zone

  • Mile Markers: ~600-700
  • Region: Southern to Central Virginia

Calendar Timing (Feb 1 Start)

  • Mile 600: ~Day 80-85 → April 20-25
  • Mile 700: ~Day 95-100 → May 5-10

Conditions You’ll Notice:

  • Daytime highs consistently in the 70s to low 80s
  • Humidity becomes persistent
  • Sweating increases dramatically
  • Water and electrolyte planning becomes mandatory

Bottom Line: You begin actively managing heat in late April, and by early May, summer conditions are established.

Where Heat Is WORST (Primary Heat Grind)

Peak Heat & Humidity Zone

  • Mile Markers: ~900-1450
  • Regions Covered: Central & Northern Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Southern Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York

Calendar Timing:

  • Mile 900: ~Late May
  • Mile 1200: ~Early July
  • Mile 1450: ~Early August

Typical Conditions:

  • High humidity with limited airflow
  • “Green tunnel” effect trapping heat
  • Hot, sticky nights
  • Increased risk of dehydration and heat exhaustion

This is the most demanding heat stretch of the entire trail. Success here depends on discipline: early starts, consistent hydration, electrolytes, shade management, and controlled pacing.

When Heat STARTS to Ease

Heat Taper Zone

  • Mile Markers: ~1550-1750
  • Region: Vermont into New Hampshire

Calendar Timing:

  • Mile 1550: ~Mid-August
  • Mile 1750: ~Late August

What Improves:

  • Cooler overnight temperatures
  • Fewer oppressive humidity days
  • Heat stops being the primary daily stressor

Heat does not disappear entirely, but it is no longer the dominant challenge.

Summary Table

PhaseMile MarkersApproximate Dates
Heat begins600-700April 20 - May 10
Worst heat900-1450Late May - Early August
Heat eases1550-1750Mid - Late August

Strategic Takeaways

  • A February 1 NOBO cannot avoid summer heat
  • You encounter heat with strong legs and lower injury risk
  • The worst heat is predictable and finite
  • You exit oppressive heat before September

Multi-Day Rain Strategy

Core Principles

  • Rain alone is manageable. Wind + rain is the threat.
  • Your sleep system must stay dry at all costs.
  • You operate in two phases: WET PHASE → DRY PHASE.
  • Decisions are made early, not at dark.

Movement Strategy

  • Continue hiking in rain
  • Reduce mileage slightly if needed
  • Take short, infrequent breaks
  • Stay warm by movement, not by stopping

Rain Camp Sequence

Step 1: Pitch tent FIRST (wet phase)
Pitch immediately on arrival. Do NOT open dry bags.

Step 2: Cook & Eat (wet phase)
Cook outside or at vestibule edge. Rain gear stays ON.

Step 3: Bear Hang IMMEDIATELY (wet phase)
Do not enter tent before this step.

Step 4: Dry Phase Transition (inside tent)

  • Enter tent, close door
  • Strip wet clothes
  • Put on dry sleep clothes
  • Get into quilt

If you forgot something outside — it waits.

Morning Reset in Continued Rain

  1. Pack quilt + sleep clothes FIRST
  2. Seal them inside pack liner
  3. Put wet clothes back on
  4. Exit tent
  5. Retrieve food
  6. Eat, pack, hike

You only endure the wet once per cycle.

Wind Thresholds (Field Reality)

Wind SpeedAction
0–10 mph (light)Shelter or tent OK
10–20 mph (moderate)Lean TENT; shelter only if deep woods and calm interior
20–30 mph (strong)TENT ONLY — Below ridges, protected terrain
30+ mph (severe)Immediate protected site, tight low pitch, drop elevation if possible

Wind + rain = tent every time.

Campsite Selection in Wind

Choose:

  • Dense trees
  • Slightly downhill from ridgeline
  • Natural wind breaks
  • Soil that accepts stakes

Avoid:

  • Ridges
  • Gaps and saddles
  • Balds
  • Obvious wind funnels
  • Creek bottoms in storms

If wind accelerates as you walk — don’t camp there.

Tent Orientation (Critical)

Point the NARROW end of the tent INTO the wind.

  • Never broadside
  • Never door-first into wind

Think aircraft nose, not billboard.

Stake Strategy

Number of Stakes

ConditionsStakes
Calm6
Moderate wind8
Strong/gusty wind10–12 (use ALL guy points)

Stake Angle

Angle stakes ~30–45° AWAY from the tent, aligned with the direction of pull.

In wind:

  • Angled stakes resist rotation
  • Vertical stakes walk loose
  • Real-world holding is greater when angled

Order of Staking

  1. Windward corners FIRST
  2. Leeward corners second
  3. Side panels and guy lines last

Guy Lines & Tensioning

  • Use every guy point in wind
  • Fabric should be flat, not drum-tight
  • No flapping = no heat loss

Noise means movement. Movement means cold.

Pitch Height (Your Wind Dial)

High wind = LOW pitch

  • Shorten poles slightly
  • Reduce ground gap
  • Lower profile = stronger tent

Venting:

  • Windward vent CLOSED
  • Leeward vent OPEN

Bad Soil Solutions

If stakes won’t hold:

  • Add rocks on guy lines
  • Wrap lines around roots/logs
  • Use buried “deadman” anchors in mud

Weight + angle beats soil quality.

Night Check (Do This Once)

Before dry phase:

  • Walk perimeter
  • Tug each guy line
  • Listen for flapping
  • Adjust now, not at 2 AM

Wind usually increases overnight.

Off-Grid Weather Awareness

Using Apple Watch Ultra + Garmin inReach Mini 2 without internet.

Core Principle

You NEVER evaluate pressure while hiking. You ONLY evaluate pressure while STOPPED.

Trail elevation changes while hiking are meaningless for weather detection. Elevation drift while stationary = pressure change.

Morning Baseline (5 minutes)

  • Open Apple Watch → Compass → Elevation
  • Stand still 2-3 minutes
  • Note the elevation number
  • Pull Garmin weather forecast

How to Interpret Elevation Drift (While Still)

PatternInterpretation
Elevation fluctuates ±3-5 ft, settles quicklyNormal/Stable — Pressure stable, weather stable
Elevation drops 10-20 ft over 3-6 hours without movingCaution — Weather likely in 12-24 hours
Elevation drops 20-30+ ft in 1-3 hoursDanger — Weather imminent, adjust plans immediately

The 2-Out-of-5 Rule

If ANY TWO occur together, act conservatively:

  1. Pressure dropping (Ultra elevation drift)
  2. Wind increasing or shifting
  3. Clouds thickening or lowering
  4. Garmin forecast worsens
  5. Sudden temperature drop

08
Chapter 08

Food & Resupply

Typical Carry Strategy

Standard Food Carry Range

3 to 5 days of food

This is the dominant norm across the entire trail.

By Section

Early Trail (Georgia through Southern NC)

  • Common carry: 3-4 days
  • Frequent road crossings, hostels close together

Mid-Trail and Later

  • Common carry: 4-5 days
  • Rhythm stabilizes

Long Carries (6-7+ Days)

Exceptions only. Primarily the 100-Mile Wilderness in Maine.

Trail Food Staples

Breakfast

  • Instant oatmeal packets
  • Pop-Tarts
  • Granola or cereal
  • Carnation Breakfast Essentials

Lunch & All-Day Carry

  • Tortillas (won’t crush like bread)
  • Peanut butter or Nutella
  • Summer sausage
  • Hard cheese
  • Tuna or chicken foil packets

Dinner (One-Pot Meals)

  • Instant ramen noodles
  • Knorr Pasta or Rice Sides
  • Instant mashed potatoes
  • Couscous or instant rice

Snacks

  • Snickers (unofficial AT currency)
  • M&Ms, Reese’s
  • Trail mix
  • Jerky
  • Energy bars

Food Storage & Bear Protection

The Three Problems

  1. Bears — Strong, smart, food-conditioned in many AT areas
  2. Mice / Rodents — Everywhere shelters exist. Silent. Chew gear, not just food.
  3. Humans — Tired, lazy at night, cut corners. Cause most failures.

PCT Bear Hang (Gold Standard)

Required Geometry (Non-Negotiable)

  • Branch height: 18-20 feet
  • Bag height: ~12 feet off ground
  • Distance from trunk: ~6 feet
  • Distance below branch: ~6 feet

Step-by-Step

  1. Choose single strong horizontal branch
  2. Throw line over branch (use throw bag)
  3. Clip food bag to one end with carabiner
  4. Hoist bag to proper height
  5. Insert stick toggle into carabiner
  6. Slowly lower rope until toggle jams
  7. Let free end hang loose

Nothing is tied to the tree.

Simple Decision Rule

  • Bear box available? → Use it
  • Bear cables or poles? → Use them
  • No system + tenting/shelter? → PCT hang
  • Sleeping in shelter (no bear system)? → Mouse line + odor control

Mouse Lines (Shelter Use)

What They Are

  • Rope or wire hanging from rafters with hooks or carabiners
  • Purpose: Rodents only (mice, chipmunks, squirrels)
  • NOT for bears

How to Use Correctly

  • One bag per hook
  • Bag hangs 12–18 inches below the line
  • Bag is 12+ inches away from walls, beams, or other bags
  • No loose knots or dangling loops
  • Smooth-sided bag only

Common Mouse Failures

  • Bag touching wall
  • Bags touching each other
  • Knots and loops as ladders
  • Food left out “for a minute”

Food Bag Setup (Bag Inside a Bag)

Why This Matters

Bears follow scent plumes. Odor reduction reduces investigation time.

Correct Storage Stack (inside → out)

Layer 1: Individual food packaging
Layer 2: Odor-resistant liner (all smellables together)
Layer 3: Outer bear hang sack (slick, strong)
Layer 4: Rope + carabiner + toggle

What Counts as “Smellables”

  • Food
  • Trash
  • Wrappers
  • Toothpaste
  • Chapstick
  • Flavored drink mixes

All of it goes inside the liner.

What NOT to Do

  • ❌ Crumbs floating free
  • ❌ Trash outside liner
  • ❌ Toothpaste in side pockets
  • ❌ Open wrappers in the bag

Loose = odor leaks faster.

Early NOBO Reality Check

  • Georgia → NC: More bear attention near shelters
  • Great Smoky Mountains: Cables are mandatory
  • Shelters: Mice guaranteed
  • Winter: Boxes may freeze, cables preferred

Ramen Cooking Guide

Trail/Fuel-Saving Method

  1. Bring 2-2½ cups water to rolling boil
  2. Turn stove OFF
  3. Add noodles
  4. Cover cup immediately with lid
  5. Let sit 5-7 minutes (7-8 minutes below freezing)
  6. Add seasoning packet
  7. Stir thoroughly
  8. Eat immediately

Key Rule: Seasoning goes in AFTER soaking, not before.

Peanut Butter Ramen

Chicken broth + peanut butter does NOT taste good.

Best Method: Noodles + Peanut Butter Only

  1. Cook noodles using trail method
  2. Drain most water
  3. Add 1-2 tablespoons peanut butter
  4. Stir until fully coated
  5. Optional: Add pinch of seasoning for salt

09
Chapter 09

Town Strategy

Town Rhythm

Standard Pattern

  • Town stop: Every 3-5 days
  • Nero (near-zero day): Every 5-7 days
  • Zero day: About every 7-14 days

Nero Days

Partial day in town:

  • Eat
  • Shower
  • Laundry
  • Charge devices
  • Resupply
  • Then hike short distance (under 10 miles)

Zero Days

Full 24 hours off trail:

  • Complete recovery
  • Gear checks
  • Physical and mental reset
  • Mail drops or gear replacement

5-Day Hike + Zero Day Schedule

Never hike more than 5 days without a zero.

Planning Assumptions

  • Start window: February 1-7
  • Hiking days per cycle: 5
  • Zero day per cycle: 1
  • Total cycle length: 6 calendar days

Phase 1: Winter Start (Feb)

Georgia → Southern NC | Target: 8-9 miles/hiking day

Cold weather, short daylight, cautious movement. Body-preservation phase.

Phase 2: Trail Legs Arrive (Mar-May)

NC/TN → Virginia | Target: 10-11 miles/hiking day

Phase 3: Strong & Efficient (May-Jun)

Virginia | Target: 12-13 miles/hiking day

Schedule debt gets paid back—without breaking food limits.

Phase 4: Long Daylight (Jul-Aug)

NY → VT → NH | Target: 13-14 miles/hiking day

Phase 5: Maine Reality (Aug-Sep)

NH → Katahdin | Target: 11-12 miles/hiking day

Maine terrain is slower; final push is realistic and safe.

Expected Finish: September 17-20


🏔️ LATE-TRAIL REALITY CHECK: WHITES → MAINE

The final 400+ miles (White Mountains → Katahdin) require different planning than the rest of the trail.

White Mountains: AMC Hut System

What You Need to Know:

  • 8 AMC huts along ridgeline (Lakes of the Clouds, Mizpah, Zealand Falls, etc.)
  • NOT shelters - these are staffed lodges with bunks and meals
  • Reservations: $150+ per night for bunk + dinner + breakfast
  • Work-for-Stay: Limited spots (2-4 per hut), arrive early afternoon, crew assigns tasks
  • Strategy: Don’t rely on work-for-stay - have tent as backup
  • Peak Season: July-August = busiest, hardest to get work-for-stay

Action: Research AMC huts before entering Whites. Decide: pay, work-for-stay attempt, or tent/stealth.


Katahdin Weather: Bail Plan Required

Reality: Katahdin summit attempts can be delayed by weather (wind, rain, lightning).

The Problem:

  • Baxter State Park rangers WILL turn hikers around in unsafe conditions
  • August-September weather can be unpredictable
  • You might wait 1-3 days for a summit window

Your Bail Plan:

  • Buffer days: Build 2-3 extra days into your schedule before Katahdin
  • Lodging: Identify where you’ll stay if delayed (Millinocket, Katahdin Stream Campground)
  • Mental prep: Expect possible delays, don’t push finish date promises
  • Weather check: Monitor Baxter State Park weather forecasts starting 100 miles out

Action: Arrive at Katahdin with flexible timeline, not a hard deadline.


Baxter Permit Process

What You Need to Know:

  • Day-use permits: Required for Katahdin summit
  • Katahdin Stream Campground: Popular base for summit attempts
  • Reservation system: Baxter uses online reservation system
  • 2026 Note: Online reservations open at 6 AM EST (not midnight); extended multi-night booking available
  • Peak season: August = heavily booked
  • Walk-up permits: Sometimes available, but not guaranteed

Action: Research Baxter permit requirements in August. Book Katahdin Stream Campground or have backup plan.


100-Mile Wilderness: Food Carry Math

The Reality:

  • 100 miles with NO resupply (Mile ~2,093 to ~2,193)
  • Most hikers: 7-10 days
  • Your pace (11-12 mpd in Maine): ~8-9 days
  • Food weight: 8-9 days × 1.5 lb/day = 12-14 lb of food
  • Plus full fuel canisters

Planning:

  • Resupply at Monson, ME (Mile ~2,093)
  • Carry 8-9 days of food + 2 fuel canisters
  • White’s Crossing optional resupply (Mile ~2,133): Shaw’s Lodging offers food drop-off service (can reduce carry)
  • Water is plentiful (lakes, streams)

Action: Plan 100-Mile food carry in Monson. Consider White’s Crossing resupply if you want to split the carry.


Mental Game: You’re Almost There

By the time you reach the Whites, you’ve hiked 1,700+ miles. Fatigue is real.

Common Late-Trail Mistakes:

  • Rushing to finish (injuries increase)
  • Skipping zeros (body is tired)
  • Poor weather decisions (summit fever)
  • Underestimating final terrain (Whites and Maine are HARD)

Strategy:

  • Maintain your zero-day schedule (every 5-7 days)
  • Respect the terrain (Whites are technical, Maine is slow)
  • Don’t skip meals or sleep
  • Finish strong, not broken

Comprehensive AT Town & Services Guide (NOBO)

Walkable Towns With Full Services

Legend:

  • 🏨 Lodging (hostel/hotel/motel)
  • 🚿 Shower available
  • 🧺 Laundry
  • 🍔 Food (restaurant/grocery)
  • 🔌 Charging (reliable outlets)
  • 📦 Resupply (grocery store)
  • ✉️ Post Office

Walking Distance: ≤2 miles from trail


GEORGIA (Mile 0-78)

Amicalola Falls State Park (Mile 0)

  • Distance from Trail: On trail (if starting at visitor center)
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🍔 🔌 (Lodge & visitor center)
  • Notes: Common NOBO start point, not typical resupply

Neels Gap / Mountain Crossings (Mile ~31)

  • Distance from Trail: On trail (US-19/129 crosses AT)
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 (limited) ✉️
  • Lodging: Hostel bunks at outfitter
  • Resupply: Small outfitter selection, limited grocery
  • Notes: First resupply stop for most NOBOs, outfitter does shakedowns

Hiawassee, GA (Mile ~69 via Dick’s Creek Gap)

  • Distance from Trail: ~11 miles (hitch required)
  • Services: Full town - NOT WALKABLE
  • Notes: Major resupply, but requires ride

NORTH CAROLINA / TENNESSEE (Mile 78-470)

NOC - Nantahala Outdoor Center (Mile ~137)

  • Distance from Trail: On trail (US-19/74 crosses AT)
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 (limited) ✉️
  • Lodging: Hostel bunks, bunkhouse
  • Resupply: Outfitter store (limited, expensive)
  • Notes: Popular stop, rafting company

Fontana Dam / Fontana Village (Mile ~165)

  • Distance from Trail: ~1.5 miles from dam
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: Fontana Village Resort (cabins, rooms)
  • Resupply: Small general store
  • Notes: “Fontana Hilton” shelter at dam, village requires short walk

Gatlinburg, TN (Mile ~200 from Newfound Gap)

  • Distance from Trail: ~16 miles (hitch required)
  • Services: Full town - NOT WALKABLE
  • Notes: Major town, but significant hitch

Standing Bear Farm (Mile ~241)

  • Distance from Trail: ~0.2 miles (hostel near trail)
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 (limited)
  • Lodging: Hostel, cabins
  • Resupply: Small hiker store
  • Notes: Classic hiker hostel, “museum” of trail history

Hot Springs, NC (Mile ~274)

  • Distance from Trail: ON TRAIL (town main street is the AT)
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: Multiple hostels, B&Bs, cabins
  • Resupply: Dollar General (0.3 mi), small grocery
  • Notes: Trail goes through downtown, major zero day stop

Erwin, TN (Mile ~342)

  • Distance from Trail: ~0.5 miles from trail via Uncle Johnny’s
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: Uncle Johnny’s Hostel, motels in town
  • Resupply: Dollar General (0.6 mi), grocery stores
  • Notes: Walkable with short road walk

Roan Mountain, TN (Mile ~365 via US-19E)

  • Distance from Trail: ~5 miles (borderline walkable)
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦
  • Notes: Some hikers walk, most hitch

Damascus, VA (Mile ~469)

  • Distance from Trail: ON TRAIL (AT goes through town center)
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: Multiple hostels, motels, The Place (donation hostel)
  • Resupply: Dollar General, outfitter, small grocery
  • Notes: “Trail Town USA” - major hiker hub, Trail Days festival

VIRGINIA (Mile 470-1,020)

Marion, VA (Mile ~500 from Atkins)

  • Distance from Trail: ~5-6 miles (hitch typically required)
  • Services: Full town - BORDERLINE WALKABLE
  • Notes: Some hike, most hitch

Bland, VA (Mile ~508)

  • Distance from Trail: ~0.5 miles
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🍔 🔌 📦
  • Lodging: Big Walker Motel
  • Resupply: Small convenience store
  • Notes: Quiet town, limited services

Bastian, VA (Mile ~517)

  • Distance from Trail: ~0.5 miles
  • Services: 🏨 🍔
  • Lodging: Four Pines Hostel
  • Notes: Small hostel, very limited town services

Pearisburg, VA (Mile ~635)

  • Distance from Trail: ~0.8 miles
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: Hostel, motels
  • Resupply: Dollar General (0.9 mi), small grocery
  • Notes: Walkable, decent resupply

Catawba, VA (Mile ~690)

  • Distance from Trail: ~1 mile via VA-311
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🍔 🔌
  • Lodging: Four Pines Hostel (different from Bastian)
  • Resupply: Very limited
  • Notes: Small community, hostel-focused

Daleville, VA (Mile ~729)

  • Distance from Trail: ~0.5-1 mile
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: Howard Johnson, Quality Inn
  • Resupply: Dollar General (0.7 mi), Kroger nearby
  • Notes: Good resupply, right off I-81

Glasgow, VA (Mile ~783 via VA-60)

  • Distance from Trail: ~3 miles (borderline)
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Notes: Some walk, some hitch

Waynesboro, VA (Mile ~880 from Rockfish Gap)

  • Distance from Trail: ~1-2 miles via Rockfish Gap (I-64)
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: Multiple motels, YMCA sometimes available
  • Resupply: Dollar General (1.1 mi), Walmart (requires ride), grocery
  • Notes: Major town, Shenandoah NP entrance, popular zero stop

SHENANDOAH NATIONAL PARK (Mile ~880-1,000)

  • Waysides: Loft Mountain, Big Meadows, Skyland, Elkwallow
  • Services: 🍔 🔌 (limited hours, seasonal)
  • Notes: No lodging at waysides, camp stores only

Front Royal, VA (Mile ~999)

  • Distance from Trail: ~1-3 miles depending on route
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: Motels, hostels
  • Resupply: Dollar General (3 mi), groceries
  • Notes: Shenandoah north exit, popular stop

WEST VIRGINIA / MARYLAND (Mile 1,020-1,100)

Harpers Ferry, WV (Mile ~1,024)

  • Distance from Trail: ON TRAIL / 0.5 miles to town center
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: Town’s Inn, hostels nearby
  • Resupply: Small grocery, outfitters
  • Notes: “Psychological halfway point,” ATC headquarters, major stop

PENNSYLVANIA (Mile 1,100-1,350)

Pine Grove Furnace State Park (Mile ~1,103)

  • Distance from Trail: ON TRAIL
  • Services: 🍔 🔌 (camp store)
  • Lodging: Camping only
  • Notes: “Half Gallon Challenge” ice cream stop, no lodging

Boiling Springs, PA (Mile ~1,136)

  • Distance from Trail: ON TRAIL
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🍔 🔌
  • Lodging: ATC Mid-Atlantic Office (limited), nearby B&Bs
  • Resupply: Very limited
  • Notes: Beautiful town, limited hiker services

Duncannon, PA (Mile ~1,149)

  • Distance from Trail: ~0.5 miles
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: Doyle Hotel (infamous hiker hotel), other options
  • Resupply: Small grocery, convenience stores
  • Notes: Classic trail town, Doyle is “an experience”

Port Clinton, PA (Mile ~1,217)

  • Distance from Trail: ~0.3 miles
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: 2MP Hostel, Pavilion camping
  • Resupply: Small convenience store, limited
  • Notes: Small town, classic stop

Palmerton, PA (Mile ~1,278)

  • Distance from Trail: ~1.5 miles
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: Jail hostel (St. John’s Evangelical Lutheran Church)
  • Resupply: Dollar General, small grocery
  • Notes: “Stay in jail” - church hostel

Delaware Water Gap, PA (Mile ~1,298)

  • Distance from Trail: ON TRAIL
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: Church of the Mountain hostel (donation), motels nearby
  • Resupply: Small convenience stores
  • Notes: PA/NJ border, trail goes through town

NEW JERSEY / NEW YORK (Mile 1,300-1,470)

Unionville, NY (Mile ~1,342 via NJ-284)

  • Distance from Trail: ~0.8 miles
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🍔 🔌
  • Lodging: Horler’s General Store (hostel upstairs)
  • Resupply: General store (limited)
  • Notes: Tiny town, classic stop

Greenwood Lake, NY (Mile ~1,359 via NY-17A)

  • Distance from Trail: ~1.5 miles
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦
  • Lodging: Motels
  • Resupply: Small grocery
  • Notes: Borderline walkable

Fort Montgomery / Bear Mountain, NY (Mile ~1,410)

  • Distance from Trail: ~0.5 miles
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🍔 🔌
  • Lodging: Bear Mountain Inn (expensive)
  • Resupply: Very limited
  • Notes: Bear Mountain zoo area, limited hiker services

Kent, CT (Mile ~1,469)

  • Distance from Trail: ~1.5-2 miles via CT-341
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: Hostel, B&Bs
  • Resupply: Small grocery
  • Notes: Borderline walkable

MASSACHUSETTS (Mile 1,470-1,630)

Great Barrington, MA (Mile ~1,538)

  • Distance from Trail: ~1.5 miles via MA-23
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: Motels, hostels
  • Resupply: Dollar General (1.4 mi), grocery stores
  • Notes: Good town, popular stop

Dalton, MA (Mile ~1,570)

  • Distance from Trail: ON TRAIL / 0.5 miles to center
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: Shamrock Village Inn, Tom Levardi’s house (legendary)
  • Resupply: Small grocery, convenience stores
  • Notes: Trail goes through town, Tom’s is donation-based

North Adams, MA (Mile ~1,590 via MA-2)

  • Distance from Trail: ~3 miles (borderline)
  • Services: Full town services
  • Notes: Most hikers hitch or skip

Bennington, VT (Mile ~1,606 via VT-9)

  • Distance from Trail: ~5 miles (hitch typically required)
  • Services: Full town - NOT WALKABLE
  • Notes: Major resupply, but requires ride

VERMONT (Mile 1,630-1,790)

Manchester Center, VT (Mile ~1,645 via VT-11/30)

  • Distance from Trail: ~5 miles (hitch required)
  • Services: Full town - NOT WALKABLE
  • Notes: Major town, but not walkable

Killington, VT (Mile ~1,700 via US-4)

  • Distance from Trail: ~1-2 miles to Inn at Long Trail
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🍔 🔌
  • Lodging: Inn at Long Trail (on trail), town further
  • Resupply: Limited at inn
  • Notes: Inn is walkable, full town requires ride

Hanover, NH (Mile ~1,747)

  • Distance from Trail: ON TRAIL
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: Motels, Dartmouth College area
  • Resupply: Co-op grocery, CVS, full services
  • Notes: Trail goes through Dartmouth campus, excellent town

NEW HAMPSHIRE (Mile 1,790-1,905)

Glencliff, NH (Mile ~1,804 via NH-25)

  • Distance from Trail: ~0.5 miles
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌
  • Lodging: Hikers Welcome Hostel
  • Resupply: Very limited
  • Notes: Small, hostel-focused

Lincoln, NH / Woodstock, NH (Mile ~1,823 via NH-112)

  • Distance from Trail: ~5-6 miles (hitch typically required)
  • Services: Full town - NOT WALKABLE
  • Notes: Last major resupply before Whites

Franconia Notch (Mile ~1,832)

  • Distance from Trail: ON TRAIL
  • Services: 🍔 (limited, seasonal)
  • Notes: No lodging, just parking area

Crawford Notch (Mile ~1,869 via US-302)

  • Distance from Trail: ON TRAIL
  • Services: 🏨 🍔 🔌
  • Lodging: Highland Center Lodge (AMC, expensive)
  • Notes: Limited services, AMC facility

Pinkham Notch (Mile ~1,888 via NH-16)

  • Distance from Trail: ON TRAIL
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🍔 🔌
  • Lodging: Joe Dodge Lodge (AMC, expensive)
  • Resupply: Very limited
  • Notes: AMC base, not a town

Gorham, NH (Mile ~1,898 via NH-16)

  • Distance from Trail: ~1.5 miles
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: Multiple hostels (Hiker’s Paradise, Barn), motels
  • Resupply: Dollar General (1.2 mi), grocery, Shaw’s
  • Notes: Major resupply after Whites, popular zero stop

MAINE (Mile 1,905-2,197.9)

Andover, ME (Mile ~1,975 via ME-5)

  • Distance from Trail: ~0.8 miles
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦
  • Lodging: Pine Ellis Hostel, Andover Arms
  • Resupply: Very small grocery
  • Notes: Small town, limited but walkable

Rangeley, ME (Mile ~2,001 via ME-4)

  • Distance from Trail: ~9 miles (hitch required)
  • Services: Full town - NOT WALKABLE
  • Notes: Major resupply, but requires ride

Stratton, ME (Mile ~2,031 via ME-27)

  • Distance from Trail: ~5 miles (hitch required)
  • Services: Full town - NOT WALKABLE
  • Notes: Last major resupply before 100-Mile Wilderness

Caratunk, ME (Mile ~2,013 via US-201)

  • Distance from Trail: ~0.5 miles
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🍔 🔌
  • Lodging: Hostel, limited options
  • Resupply: Very limited
  • Notes: Small, near Kennebec Ferry

Monson, ME (Mile ~2,078)

  • Distance from Trail: ~0.5-1 mile
  • Services: 🏨 🚿 🧺 🍔 🔌 📦 ✉️
  • Lodging: Shaw’s Hostel, Lakeshore House, others
  • Resupply: Small grocery, Shaw’s offers food drops
  • Notes: Gateway to 100-Mile Wilderness, last resupply

Millinocket, ME (Mile ~2,190 from Abol Bridge)

  • Distance from Trail: ~15 miles (shuttle required)
  • Services: Full town - NOT WALKABLE
  • Notes: Closest town to Katahdin, post-finish celebration

Summary: Truly Walkable Full-Service Towns

These towns have ALL services (lodging, shower, laundry, food, charging, resupply) within reasonable walking distance (≤2 mi):

  1. Hot Springs, NC (Mile ~274) - ON TRAIL
  2. Damascus, VA (Mile ~469) - ON TRAIL
  3. Pearisburg, VA (Mile ~635) - 0.8 mi
  4. Daleville, VA (Mile ~729) - 0.5-1 mi
  5. Waynesboro, VA (Mile ~880) - 1-2 mi
  6. Harpers Ferry, WV (Mile ~1,024) - ON TRAIL
  7. Duncannon, PA (Mile ~1,149) - 0.5 mi
  8. Delaware Water Gap, PA (Mile ~1,298) - ON TRAIL
  9. Dalton, MA (Mile ~1,570) - ON TRAIL
  10. Hanover, NH (Mile ~1,747) - ON TRAIL
  11. Gorham, NH (Mile ~1,898) - 1.5 mi
  12. Monson, ME (Mile ~2,078) - 0.5-1 mi

These are your guaranteed walkable full-service stops.

Laundry System

Core Reality

You do NOT carry extra clothes. Laundry is done while you are still dressed and functional.

Standard Laundry Outfit

  • Smartwool long johns (bottom)
  • Xero Z-Trail sandals (camp shoes)
  • Rain jacket (puffy if cold)

Correct Laundry Order

  1. Enter town wearing hiking clothes
  2. Change into laundry outfit first
  3. Put all hiking clothes directly into washer
  4. Add detergent and start washer
  5. Shower while washer is running
  6. Put laundry outfit back on after shower
  7. Transfer clothes to dryer
  8. Dry fully (run twice if needed)
  9. Change into clean hiking clothes

Never shower first and then wear dirty clothes again.

Walk-Only Resupply: Dollar General

There are ZERO Walmart stores within 2 walking miles of the AT. All Walmart resupplies require a ride.

Walkable Dollar General Locations

LocationMileDistance to DG
Hot Springs, NC~2740.3 miles
Erwin, TN~3420.6 miles
Hampton, TN~4201.0 mile
Pearisburg, VA~6340.9 miles
Daleville, VA~7280.7 miles
Waynesboro, VA~8801.1 miles
Front Royal, VA~9993.0 miles
Palmerton, PA~1,2751.5 miles
Great Barrington, MA~1,5381.4 miles
Gorham, NH~1,8981.2 miles

10
Chapter 10

Trail Resources & Navigation

Primary Guidebook Reference

A.T. Guide (The Standard AT Guide)

The primary guidebook most Appalachian Trail thru-hikers use and carry is the A.T. Guide (formerly known as AWOL’s Appalachian Trail Guide). When hikers on the trail refer to “the guide” or “the book,” this is almost always what they mean.

This guide is instantly recognizable by its long, narrow, spiral-bound format, a shape intentionally designed for backpack use. Many hikers tear out completed sections as they progress northbound, while others keep the full book intact. A large number of hikers now carry the electronic version instead of the physical book.

Why the A.T. Guide Is the Gold Standard

The A.T. Guide is considered the most complete single reference for the AT because it combines essential planning and navigation information into one resource:

  • Strip maps showing the trail mile by mile
  • Elevation profiles that clearly display upcoming climbs and descents
  • Shelter locations and distances between shelters
  • Designated campsites and tenting areas
  • Reliable and seasonal water sources
  • Road crossings and trailheads
  • Trail towns, hostels, and resupply access
  • Northbound and southbound mileage listings

This makes the guide ideal for:

  • Daily mileage planning
  • Camp and shelter decisions
  • Anticipating difficult climbs before reaching them
  • Overall trail logistics from Georgia to Maine

Latest Physical Edition

A.T. Guide 2026 (Spiral-Bound)

  • Covers the entire Appalachian Trail from Springer Mountain, Georgia to Mount Katahdin, Maine
  • Updated annually
  • The most common physical guide seen on trail
  • Formerly known as “AWOL’s Guide”

Electronic / Digital Versions

Many thru-hikers now choose the digital version rather than carrying the paper book.

A.T. Guide Digital Edition (PDF / Kindle)

  • Same maps, data, and content as the paper guide
  • Zoomable maps and elevation profiles
  • Works offline once downloaded
  • No added pack weight

How Most Thru-Hikers Actually Use It on Trail

Most experienced Appalachian Trail hikers rely on a tool combination, not just one resource:

  • A.T. Guide — Primary reference for mileage, elevation, shelters, and camp planning
  • FarOut App — Used for real-time comments, current water reliability, trail closures, and on-the-ground updates
  • AT Data Book (optional) — Lightweight backup reference

The A.T. Guide provides structure and predictability. FarOut provides live, crowdsourced intelligence.

Practical Recommendation

For an efficient, modern thru-hike setup:

  • Use the A.T. Guide (digital PDF or Kindle) as your primary planning reference
  • Pair it with FarOut for up-to-date trail conditions
  • Carrying the paper guide is optional and mainly for redundancy or personal preference

If electronics fail, the paper A.T. Guide becomes invaluable. If conditions change rapidly, FarOut fills the gaps.


11
Chapter 11

Permits & Logistics

Required Permits

Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Appalachian Trail Thru-Hiker Permit — REQUIRED

  • Online only: smokiespermits.nps.gov
  • Cost: $40
  • Get 1-5 days before entering the Smokies
  • PDF permit generated immediately
  • Digital copy accepted (no print required)
  • Valid for 38 days from issue
  • Must begin/end hike at least 50 miles outside park
  • Four shelter spaces reserved for thru-hikers March 15–June 15

Shenandoah National Park

Backcountry Permit — REQUIRED

  • Recreation.gov (online only as of January 2024)
  • Cost: $9 per person + $6 reservation fee = $15 total
  • Select ‘Appalachian Trail’ area for thru-hiker flexibility
  • Choose 14-day window
  • Get before entering Shenandoah
  • Digital copy sufficient

Additional Fee: $15 park entrance fee may be required at staffed entry points. AT thru-hikers entering via trail typically bypass fee stations, but carry cash if entering via Skyline Drive.

Note: The previous free paper permit system was eliminated in January 2024. All permits must now be obtained through Recreation.gov.

Baxter State Park / Katahdin

AT Hiker Permit — REQUIRED

  • IN PERSON ONLY
  • Katahdin Stream Campground Ranger Station
  • FREE
  • Can obtain up to 7 days before summit
  • Permit valid for 7 days from issue — plan your summit day accordingly
  • The Birches Campsite: $10/night (cash only), first-come first-served, one night maximum, 12 persons max

ATC Hang Tag

Voluntary identifier, NOT a permit. NOT required to hike.

How to Get:

  • Register on ATCamp (online) before pickup
  • Participate in short Leave No Trace discussion
  • Available at Amicalola Falls (mid-Feb through mid-April)
  • Also available at Damascus, Harpers Ferry, Monson

Known Detours (2025-2026)

DetourDistanceStatus
Nolichucky River Bridge Detour (TN)~3.6 miActive (Hurricane Helene damage)
Iron Mountain Gap Detour (NC/TN)~6 miActive (debris removal near Cherry Gap Shelter)
Virginia Creeper Trail Closure (Damascus area)~20.9 miActive through ~fall 2026 (Hurricane Helene destroyed 30+ trestles)
Great Gulf Detour (NH)~6.4 miActive (Madison Gulf Bridge closed Nov 2024)

Note: Virginia Creeper closure affects NOBO miles 476.6-485.8. Official detour uses Iron Mountain Trail, Flat Top Trail, and Mount Rogers Trail.

⚠️ IMPORTANT: Kennebec River Ferry (Maine) — The ferry across the Kennebec River will NOT operate in 2026. Plan for the road-walk alternative. Check current guidance before reaching this section.


12
Chapter 12

Usps Mail Drop System

General Delivery Rules

Hold Times

  • Official USPS rule: Up to 30 days
  • Large AT towns: Usually 30 days
  • Small/rural offices: Often 7-14 days

Best Practice

  • Ship packages 7-10 days before arrival
  • Never ship earlier than 14 days
  • Always include an ETA
  • If delayed, call the post office

Box Labeling Format

Do not deviate from this format:

THEMAN HOGG
GENERAL DELIVERY
CITY, STATE ZIP
PLEASE HOLD FOR AT HIKER
ETA: MM/DD/YYYY

Rules:

  • Write your name on all six sides
  • Use Sharpie
  • ETA matters
LocationMileNotes
Hot Springs, NC~274One of the most reliable mail drops on the AT
Damascus, VA~469AT hub, dependable, generous hold times
Daleville, VA~727-729Easy access, grocery nearby
Harpers Ferry, WV~1,023-1,026Psychological halfway point, very reliable
Duncannon, PA~1,140-1,150Excellent PO + hostel logistics
Hanover, NH~1,747Key resupply before the Whites
Monson, ME~2,074-2,079Gateway to 100-Mile Wilderness. Hold time often 14 days max.

Note: Shaw’s Hiker Hostel in Monson offers food drop services for the 100-Mile Wilderness—a useful option if you want to lighten your initial carry.


13
Chapter 13

Power & Electronics

Primary Charging Sources

Anker Prime Power Bank (27,650 mAh, 250W)

  • Rated energy: 99.54 Wh
  • Airline compliant (under 100 Wh)
  • Real usable capacity: ~24,000-25,000 mAh

This is the single energy reservoir for the entire system.

Anker 140W USB-C Wall Charger

Used in towns only. Allows rapid recharge. Minimizes town time.

Devices Being Charged

iPhone 17 Pro Max

  • Daily recharge requirement: ~3,000-3,500 mAh
  • Must be charged every night

Garmin inReach Mini 2

  • Recharge cycle: once every 5-7 days

Apple Watch Ultra

  • Recharge frequency: every 2 days

Headlamp, Air Pump, Ray-Ban Case

  • Recharge: once per 4-5 days each

5-Day Power Budget

Estimated Total Demand: ~24,000 mAh
Available Capacity: ~24,000-25,000 mAh

  • 4 days: Comfortable, low stress
  • 5 days: Achievable with normal use
  • 5+ days: Achievable with moderate discipline

Daily Charging Routine

Every Night (Non-Negotiable)

Charge iPhone to ~90-95%

Every Other Night

Charge Apple Watch Ultra to ~80-90%

As Needed

  • Garmin: charge if below 35%
  • Headlamp: charge if below 40%

Device Priority (Fail-Safe Order)

NEVER SACRIFICE

  1. iPhone — Navigation, communication, documentation
  2. Garmin inReach Mini 2 — Emergency communication

LIMIT IF NECESSARY

  1. Apple Watch Ultra
  2. Headlamp

FIRST TO DROP

  1. Ray-Ban Glasses
  2. Air Pump (manual inflation possible)

Power-Save Mode

Trigger Power-Save Mode If:

  • Extended cold rain
  • No service for 24+ hours
  • Battery bank drops below 35%

Actions:

  • iPhone: Low Power Mode ON, brightness <40%, uploads delayed
  • Apple Watch: Disable activity tracking
  • Garmin Mini: Tracking interval → 30 minutes
  • Ray-Ban Glasses: No video unless exceptional

Result: Gains approximately +1 extra trail day


14
Chapter 14

Medical Planning

First Aid Kit Philosophy

  • Prevent problems before they stop mileage
  • Treat common injuries efficiently
  • Stabilize serious issues and walk to town
  • Resupply in towns—do not overcarry
  • Feet are the highest priority

Target weight: 3-6 oz

Kit Contents

Wound Care

  • Leukotape (wrapped around straw)
  • Alcohol wipes (2-4)
  • Non-stick gauze pads (2)
  • Medical tape
  • QuikClot or clotting gauze (1)
  • Neosporin or antibiotic ointment

Foot & Blister Management (Critical)

  • Pre-cut Leukotape strips
  • Sewing needle or safety pin
  • Benzoin tincture wipe
  • Anti-chafe stick or balm

Tape early. Do not wait for pain.

Medications

  • Ibuprofen (6-10 tablets)
  • Antihistamine (4 tablets)
  • Anti-diarrheal (4 tablets)
  • Personal prescription meds

Winter Add-Ons

  • Lip balm with SPF
  • Hand cream
  • Extra Leukotape
  • Chemical hand warmers (2)

Trail Medical Rules

Use Urgent Care For:

  • Sprains, strains
  • Cuts needing stitches
  • Infections
  • Dehydration
  • Respiratory issues

Dental Red Flags (Do Not Wait):

  • Swelling
  • Tooth fracture
  • Abscess
  • Persistent pain

Carry at All Times:

  • Temporary dental filling material
  • Dental wax
  • Ibuprofen + acetaminophen
  • Salt packets (warm salt rinses)
  • Photos of insurance cards and ID

Medical & Dental Access Points (NOBO)

GEORGIA

Hiawassee, GA — Mile ~69 (via Dick’s Creek Gap)

  • Distance: ~11 miles (easy hitch)
  • Urgent Care: Available in town
  • Dental: Multiple general and emergency-capable offices
  • First strong medical/dental access after Springer

NORTH CAROLINA

Franklin, NC — Mile ~110 (via Winding Stair Gap)

  • Distance: ~10 miles
  • Urgent Care: Walk-in clinics available
  • Dental: Emergency and general (same-day common)
  • Excellent for infections, swelling, cracked teeth, joint injuries

Hot Springs, NC — Mile ~275

  • Trail passes directly through town
  • Urgent Care: Limited locally; Asheville (~35 miles) for serious issues
  • Dental: General dentistry only
  • Minor issues only—anything serious requires Asheville

TENNESSEE

Erwin / Johnson City, TN — Mile ~342

  • Distance: 5–15 miles
  • Urgent Care: Multiple centers
  • Dental: Emergency clinics in Johnson City
  • One of the strongest early-trail medical zones

VIRGINIA

Damascus / Abingdon, VA — Mile ~469

  • Damascus walkable; Abingdon ~15 miles
  • Urgent Care: Multiple clinics
  • Dental: Emergency and general
  • Ideal location to fix problems before they escalate

Daleville / Roanoke, VA — Mile ~728

  • Distance: 1–6 miles (some walkable)
  • Urgent Care: Multiple facilities
  • Dental: Extensive emergency and general
  • Top-tier medical/dental zone. Strongly recommended for unresolved issues.

Waynesboro, VA — Mile ~880

  • Distance: ~5 miles
  • Urgent Care: Augusta Health Urgent Care
  • Dental: Emergency and general available
  • Last major fix-it stop before Shenandoah

Front Royal, VA — Mile ~999

  • Distance: ~5 miles
  • Urgent Care: Valley Health Urgent Care
  • Dental: Emergency clinics available
  • Excellent care access before Mid-Atlantic terrain

WEST VIRGINIA / MARYLAND

Harpers Ferry, WV — Mile ~1,025

  • Distance: Walkable
  • Urgent Care: Available locally and in nearby Maryland
  • Dental: Emergency in Hagerstown, MD
  • Hospital: Meritus Medical Center (ER)
  • Major hub with reliable transportation and care

PENNSYLVANIA

Duncannon, PA — Mile ~1,145

  • Distance: Walkable
  • Urgent Care: Regional (Harrisburg area)
  • Dental: Emergency in Harrisburg
  • PA is hard on feet and joints—do not delay treatment

Delaware Water Gap, PA — Mile ~1,298

  • Distance: Walkable
  • Urgent Care: St. Luke’s (East Stroudsburg)
  • Dental: Emergency clinics nearby
  • Hospital: St. Luke’s Hospital — Monroe Campus
  • Strong overlap of urgent care, dental, and hospital

NEW YORK

Bear Mountain / Fort Montgomery, NY — Mile ~1,410

  • Distance: ~3–5 miles
  • Urgent Care: Hudson Valley clinics
  • Dental: Emergency and general

MASSACHUSETTS

Great Barrington, MA — Mile ~1,538

  • Distance: ~5 miles
  • Urgent Care: Fairview Hospital Walk-In Care
  • Dental: Emergency and general available

Dalton, MA — Mile ~1,570

  • Distance: Walkable
  • Urgent Care: BMC Hillcrest (Pittsfield, ~10 miles)
  • Dental: General in town
  • Last reliable access before Vermont

VERMONT

Bennington, VT — Mile ~1,600

  • Distance: ~5 miles
  • Urgent Care: Southwestern Vermont Medical Center
  • Hospital: Southwestern Vermont Medical Center
  • First major medical hub in Vermont

Killington, VT — Mile ~1,700

  • Distance: ~5 miles
  • Urgent Care: Rutland Regional (~15 miles)
  • Dental: Emergency in Rutland
  • Last significant access before the Whites

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Hanover / Lebanon, NH — Mile ~1,747

  • Distance: Walkable
  • Urgent Care: Dartmouth-Hitchcock Urgent Care
  • Dental: Emergency clinics available
  • Hospital: Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
  • Critical stop before White Mountains. Fix everything here.

Gorham, NH — Mile ~1,898

  • Distance: ~2–3 miles
  • Urgent Care: Limited; Conway (~30 miles)
  • Dental: Very limited
  • Do not ignore dental pain at this point

MAINE

Andover, ME — Mile ~1,975

  • Distance: ~1 mile
  • Urgent Care: Very limited; Rumford (~20 miles)
  • Last minor services before Monson

Monson, ME — Mile ~2,077

  • Distance: Walkable
  • Urgent Care: Limited; Bangor (~90 miles)
  • Enter the 100-Mile Wilderness with zero medical or dental issues.

Millinocket, ME — Mile ~2,183

  • Distance: ~15 miles
  • Urgent Care: Regional available
  • Dental: General available
  • Hospital: Katahdin Region Hospital
  • Primary medical hub for final stretch

15
Chapter 15

Safety & Emergency Procedures

Core Principle

Act early. Most trail emergencies are not sudden disasters—they are delayed decisions.

Rapid Weather Change Recognition

Visual Warning Signs

  • Dark clouds moving quickly, especially low and rolling
  • Clouds dropping into ridges or saddles
  • White haze forming on ridgelines
  • Sudden loss of visibility
  • Fast temperature drop over minutes

Wind-Based Warnings

  • Sudden wind direction change
  • Rapid increase in wind speed
  • Wind funneling hard through gaps or saddles

Sound & Sensory Warnings

  • Any thunder (even distant)
  • Metallic or sharp smell in the air
  • Tingling, buzzing, or hair standing up

Lightning protocol immediately. Get off ridges and summits.

Hypothermia Indicators

Shelter or bail immediately if:

  • Wet + cold + wind present
  • Hands stop working normally
  • Violent shivering OR shivering stops
  • Slurred speech or slowed thinking
  • Loss of coordination

Terrain-Based Abort Signals

Turn around if:

  • Ice on rocks or roots
  • Snow covering trail tread
  • Fast-rising streams after rain
  • Slips increasing in frequency

Emergency Exit Strategy

Emergency Call Priority

  1. Call 911 FIRST — Always the primary emergency number for life, limb, or weather danger
  2. National Park Service dispatch: 1-866-677-6677 — For non-emergency follow-up or coordination within NPS lands (Smokies, Shenandoah)
  3. If no service: 3 short whistle blasts, repeat

Note: 911 dispatchers can coordinate with local SAR teams. The NPS number is supplementary, not a replacement for 911.

Emergency Location Script

Use this verbatim when calling:

'I am on the Appalachian Trail.'
'State: [STATE]'
'Nearest named point: [ROAD/SHELTER/LANDMARK]'
'I am hiking northbound.'
'Approximate mile marker: [MILE]'
'GPS coordinates: [LAT/LONG]'
'Can I walk: Yes/No/Limited'
'Nature of problem: [ISSUE]'

InReach Bail-Out Method

Primary Method: Relay Through Logistics Contact

Message a trusted person at home. They:

  • Call hostels
  • Call shuttle drivers
  • Coordinate rides
  • Message instructions back to you

Example Message

'Bad weather. Need off-trail help. I'm near AT mile 725 (McAfee Knob area).'

When to Press SOS

  • Injury prevents movement
  • Hypothermia risk is real
  • Flooding traps you
  • You are lost and disoriented
  • Self-rescue is no longer possible

Primary Emergency Exit Points (NOBO)

Always know the next exit ahead and the last exit behind. Road name + gap name matters more than mile number.

GEORGIA (Mile 0 – ~78)

MileExit Point
0.0Springer Mountain / FS 42–58 access
~8.8Nimblewill Gap Rd
~20.6Woody Gap (GA-60)
~30.7Jarrard Gap Rd
~31.3Neels Gap (US-19 / US-129)
~42.1Hogpen Gap (GA-348)
~52.9Unicoi Gap (GA-75)
~60.6Indian Grave Gap Rd
~69.4Dick’s Creek Gap (GA-76)

NORTH CAROLINA / TENNESSEE (Mile ~78 – ~470)

MileExit Point
~86.7Winding Stair Gap (US-64)
~102.7Nantahala Outdoor Center (US-19 / US-74)
~135.7Fontana Dam Road
~164.6Newfound Gap (US-441)
~198.6Davenport Gap (I-40)
~241.3Standing Bear / Green Corner Rd
~274.4Hot Springs (NC-209)
~299.1Allen Gap (NC-212)
~321.3Sam’s Gap (US-19W)

VIRGINIA (Mile ~470 – ~1,020)

MileExit Point
~469.1Damascus (US-58)
~500.5Elk Garden (VA-600)
~534.6Kimberling Creek Rd
~635.3Pearisburg (VA-460)
~639.8New River Bridge (US-460)
~726.3VA-311 (McAfee Knob / Catawba)
~785.9James River (US-501)
~863.7Rockfish Gap (I-64 / US-250)
~909.6Swift Run Gap (US-33)
~934.5Thornton Gap (US-211)
~971.1Front Royal (US-522)

WEST VIRGINIA / MARYLAND (Mile ~1,020 – ~1,100)

MileExit Point
~1,024.4Harpers Ferry (US-340)
~1,040.6Weverton Road
~1,061.0Gathland State Park
~1,067.3Pen-Mar Park (MD-550)

PENNSYLVANIA (Mile ~1,100 – ~1,350)

MileExit Point
~1,136.5Caledonia (PA-16)
~1,166.5US-30
~1,195.8Pine Grove Furnace (PA-233)
~1,249.3PA-34
~1,309.4Port Clinton (PA-61)
~1,343.0Wind Gap (PA-33)

NEW JERSEY / NEW YORK (Mile ~1,350 – ~1,550)

MileExit Point
~1,368.5Delaware Water Gap (I-80)
~1,390.7Culvers Gap (NJ-206)
~1,421.1Bear Mountain Bridge (US-202)
~1,455.7NY-22

CONNECTICUT / MASSACHUSETTS (Mile ~1,550 – ~1,650)

MileExit Point
~1,545.0US-7 (CT)
~1,591.6MA-23
~1,640.6MA-2 (North Adams)

VERMONT (Mile ~1,650 – ~1,750)

MileExit Point
~1,651.8VT-9 (Bennington)
~1,706.4VT-4 (Killington)
~1,747.4VT-11 / VT-30

NEW HAMPSHIRE (Mile ~1,750 – ~1,905)

MileExit Point
~1,796.6Glencliff (NH-25)
~1,820.7Kinsman Notch (NH-112)
~1,869.2Crawford Notch (US-302)
~1,888.1Pinkham Notch (NH-16)
~1,904.8Gorham (US-2)

MAINE (Mile ~1,905 – 2,197.9)

MileExit Point
~1,964.5ME-27 (Stratton)
~2,012.3Kennebec River (ME-201)
~2,089.6Jo-Mary Road
~2,197.4Katahdin Stream Campground Road

Note: Some forest roads may be seasonally gated—verify with FarOut when conditions matter.


16
Chapter 16

Trail Sections & Milestones

Major Sections (NOBO)

1. Georgia — Mile 0 to ~78.5

Sharp climbs early, Blood Mountain. First state down.

2. Southern North Carolina — Mile ~78.5 to ~165.7

Long ridge walks. You’re officially a real AT hiker.

3. Great Smoky Mountains — Mile ~165.7 to ~241

Highest sustained elevations. Kuwohi (Clingmans Dome) 6,643 ft.

4. Northern NC & Tennessee — Mile ~241 to ~386

Big balds, Roan Highlands. Damascus = Trail Town USA.

5. Southern Virginia — Mile ~386 to ~550

Grayson Highlands, wild ponies. You’re cruising now.

6. Central Virginia — Mile ~550 to ~785

Longest state. Long ridge walks, manageable climbs.

7. Shenandoah National Park — Mile ~785 to ~890

Gentle grades, frequent services. Fast miles. (~101-108 miles through the park)

8. Northern Virginia — Mile ~890 to ~1,025

The Roller Coaster. Short, steep ups and downs.

9. Mid-Atlantic — Mile ~1,025 to ~1,290

Harpers Ferry, rocky PA. Halfway is behind you.

10. NY-NJ Highlands — Mile ~1,290 to ~1,525

Short climbs, frequent towns. States fall fast.

11. Southern New England — Mile ~1,525 to ~1,630

CT and MA. Rolling, humid. You’re in the North.

12. Vermont — Mile ~1,630 to ~1,791

Green Mountains. Mud season. Last ‘easy’ state.

13. White Mountains — Mile ~1,791 to ~1,912

Hardest terrain on AT. Alpine travel. If you finish this, you WILL finish.

14. Maine — Mile ~1,912 to ~2,198

Roots, rocks, ladders. Katahdin is inevitable.

“I’m not hiking 2,197.9 miles—I’m hiking 14 victories.”


17
Chapter 17

Content Creation

Daily Video Structure

Each video serves three goals:

  • Document the Appalachian Trail honestly
  • Provide practical information future hikers want
  • Capture the emotional, physical, and spiritual reality

Total length: 5-10 minutes max

Section 1: Quick Context (30-45 sec)

  • Where the day started
  • Weather or expectations
  • One concern or unknown

Section 2: On-Trail Movement (1-2 min)

  • Trail tread (rocks, roots, mud, ice)
  • Steep climbs and descents
  • Confusing turns
  • White blazes

Section 3: Significant Sites (1-2 min)

  • Summits and viewpoints
  • Shelters (inside and outside)
  • Water crossings
  • Trail magic locations

Section 4: Practical Trail Intel (2-3 min)

  • Weather report
  • Water report (source name, flow, filtering notes)
  • Shelter report (water, bear systems, mice, crowding)

Section 5: Gear in Real Use (1-2 min)

  • Water filtering
  • Cooking meals
  • Cold-weather layering
  • Camp setup

Section 6: End-of-Day Wrap (1-2 min)

  • Total miles hiked
  • Hardest part of the day
  • Best moment
  • One lesson learned
  • What tomorrow looks like

Scripture Integration System

Each verse reflects the day—it does not explain it.

The Six Trail Categories

CategoryScripture
Fear / Uncertainty / WildlifeIsaiah 41:10 — ‘Fear thou not; for I am with thee…’
Cold / Rain / SufferingJames 1:12 — ‘Blessed is the man that endureth temptation…’
Long Miles / Fatigue / Grind DaysGalatians 6:9 — ‘And let us not be weary in well doing…’
Decisions / Route FindingProverbs 3:5-6 — ‘Trust in the LORD with all thine heart…’
Provision / Help / Right Place Right TimeMatthew 6:11 — ‘Give us this day our daily bread.‘
Gratitude / Victory / Quiet DaysPsalm 118:24 — ‘This is the day which the LORD hath made…’

Scripture Presentation

  • King James Version text only
  • Clean on-screen text
  • Soft or ambient audio underneath
  • Fade in → hold → fade out
  • Never more than 10 seconds

LumaFusion Video Editing Guide

What LumaFusion Is

LumaFusion is a professional, timeline-based video editing application originally designed for mobile creators. Despite being mobile-first, it operates much closer to desktop editors like Final Cut Pro or Adobe Premiere than to consumer apps like iMovie, CapCut, or InShot.

It is a true nonlinear editor, not a template or preset editor.

LumaFusion is widely used by:

  • Journalists
  • Documentary filmmakers
  • Travel and adventure creators
  • Solo shooters
  • Mobile-only production teams

Platforms — Where It Runs

PlatformSupport
iPhoneFully supported, complete feature set. Best suited for short to medium edits (5-10 minutes). Excellent for field editing and daily videos.
iPadThe platform LumaFusion was designed for. Best overall experience. Supports Apple Pencil, keyboards, and external drives. Many professionals use iPad-only workflows.
Mac (Apple Silicon Only)Runs on M1, M2, M3, and M4 Macs. Uses the iPad version of the app. Performs well. Interface remains touch-optimized, not mouse-first. No native macOS-specific UI.
Android / ChromeOSSupported as of recent versions.
WindowsNot supported. No official version. No reliable workaround.

What LumaFusion Is Best At

LumaFusion excels at:

  • Fast daily edits
  • Field editing without a laptop
  • Multi-track storytelling
  • Voiceover and ambient sound workflows
  • Travel and documentary content
  • Publishing-ready exports directly from mobile devices

It is especially strong for consistent, repeatable daily videos, such as long-distance hiking documentation.

Timeline and Track Capabilities

LumaFusion provides:

  • Up to 6 video tracks (base); up to 12 video tracks with Creator Pass or Speed Ramping add-on
  • Up to 6 audio tracks (base); up to 12 audio tracks with Creator Pass or Speed Ramping add-on
  • Magnetic timeline (optional)
  • Frame-accurate trimming
  • Ripple, roll, slip, and overwrite edits

This allows:

  • B-roll layering
  • Map and elevation overlays
  • Shelter and campsite shots
  • Title cards and graphics
  • Consistent storytelling structure

Audio Capabilities

Audio is a strong point of LumaFusion.

Features include:

  • Keyframeable audio levels
  • Automatic ducking (music lowers under voice)
  • Equalizer presets
  • Pan control
  • Fade curves
  • Direct voiceover recording

These tools are sufficient for clean narration and environmental sound capture, which is critical for outdoor and trail videos.

Color and Image Control

LumaFusion supports:

  • Exposure and contrast adjustment
  • Highlight and shadow recovery
  • Manual white balance
  • LUT application
  • Custom preset saving
  • Visual clip matching

This allows consistent color across changing outdoor lighting conditions.

Titles, Graphics, and Overlays

Included tools support:

  • Lower thirds
  • Location titles
  • Basic animations
  • Custom fonts
  • PNG overlays (maps, icons, elevation profiles)

Reusable templates can be built for daily video consistency.

Export Options

LumaFusion supports:

  • 1080p and 4K exports
  • Multiple aspect ratios (16:9, vertical, square)
  • Optimized compression for online platforms
  • Export to Files, Photos, or external storage

Exports are stable and reliable, even on mobile devices.

Why LumaFusion Fits a Long-Distance Hiking Workflow

For a multi-month hike with daily videos, LumaFusion enables:

  • Shooting throughout the day
  • Editing at camp or in town
  • Exporting while charging
  • Uploading when connectivity is available
  • Maintaining consistent video structure across months

It removes the dependency on a full laptop-based workflow while preserving professional results.


18
Chapter 18

Financial Planning

Worst-Case Funding Plan

Locked Assumptions

  • Total trail time: 242 days
  • Start: February 1
  • Finish: End of September
  • Zero days: One every 5 days (48 total)
  • Hiking days: 194
  • Lodging: Private rooms preferred

Cost Model

Hiking Days (194 days)

ItemCost/Day
Trail food + snacks$22
Small incidentals$4
Total per hiking day$26

Hiking day total: $5,044

Zero Days (48 days)

ItemCost/Day
Private lodging$110
Town food (2-3 meals)$55
Laundry/resupply incidentals$20
Shuttles/local transport$15
Total per zero day$200

Zero day total: $9,600

Total Gross Trail Cost

$14,644 (worst case, 242 days)

Offsets

ItemAmount
Weekly allowance ($150 × 34.5 weeks)$5,175
Household expense savings$4,658
Starting food carry$110
Total offsets$9,943

Net Household Impact

$4,701 total (~$590/month)

Money will not be the reason the hike becomes unsafe, rushed, or miserable.


19
Chapter 19

Daily Operations & Trail Life

Morning Routine & Breakdown

The 15-Minute Breakdown (Target Time)

A consistent morning routine prevents forgotten gear, reduces decision fatigue, and gets you moving efficiently even on cold, unmotivated mornings.

Order matters. Follow this sequence every time.

Step 1: Wake Up & Assess (2 minutes)

  • Check weather (iPhone or look outside)
  • Check body (pain, blisters, energy level)
  • Eat something immediately (Pop-Tart, bar, anything)
  • Drink 8-16 oz water

Rule: Never break camp on an empty stomach.

Step 2: Pack Sleep System FIRST (3 minutes)

Critical: Sleep system goes in pack liner before anything else touches it.

  1. Roll quilt from foot to head (pushes air out)
  2. Stuff into pack liner or dry bag
  3. Add pillow
  4. Seal pack liner
  5. Add sleeping pad (outside liner, inside pack)

Why this order: If it rains during breakdown, your sleep system is already protected.

Step 3: Change Into Hiking Clothes (2 minutes)

Inside the tent/shelter:

  • Strip sleep layers
  • Put sleep top and pants directly into pack liner
  • Put on hiking layers (accept they may be damp)
  • Put on socks and shoes

Never pack damp hiking clothes from yesterday inside your pack liner.

Step 4: Break Down Tent (5 minutes)

If dry:

  1. Remove stakes (shake dirt off)
  2. Collapse poles
  3. Fold tent body
  4. Pack fly separately or wrapped around body
  5. Pack stakes and guylines

If wet:

  1. Shake off excess water
  2. Wipe down with bandana if possible
  3. Pack tent wet (will dry during the day or in town)
  4. Put wet tent in outside pocket or top of pack

Rule: Never wait for a wet tent to dry. You have miles to make.

Step 5: Final Sweep (3 minutes)

The STOP method:

  • Scan campsite 360° (look for dropped items)
  • Touch all pockets (phone, InReach, filter, etc.)
  • Organize food into hip belt pockets for easy access
  • Police area (pack out all trash, even micro-trash)

Cold Morning Modifications

When temps are below 30°F:

  • Sleep in next day’s base layers to pre-warm them
  • Pack everything you can the night before
  • Keep gloves, Buff, and beanie accessible
  • Eat and drink BEFORE breaking down tent (stay warm longer)
  • Use hand warmers if fingers lose dexterity

The One Non-Negotiable

Check for these 3 items before you walk away:

  1. Phone
  2. InReach
  3. Water filter

Everything else can be replaced. Those three cannot.


Daily Hiking Rhythm & Pacing

The Sustainable Pace Framework

Goal: Arrive in camp tired but functional, not destroyed.

The Talk Test (Primary Pace Monitor)

  • Correct pace: You can speak in full sentences without gasping
  • Too fast: Can only speak 3-4 words at a time
  • Too slow: Could easily carry on a conversation

Rule: If you can’t talk, you can’t sustain the pace for 8 hours.

Break Strategy (The 50/10 Rule)

Standard rhythm:

  • Hike 50 minutes
  • Break 10 minutes
  • Repeat

What to do on breaks:

  1. Drop pack (take weight off immediately)
  2. Drink 8-16 oz water
  3. Eat something (bar, snack, trail mix)
  4. Check feet (hot spots = stop and tape NOW)
  5. Check weather and mileage

Break locations:

  • Flat ground
  • Shade if hot
  • Shelter if available
  • NOT on steep climbs (rest at the top)

Eating While Hiking

Fuel strategy: Eat something every 60-90 minutes minimum.

Easy hiking foods:

  • Snickers (gold standard)
  • Bars (unwrapped, accessible)
  • Trail mix
  • Jerky
  • Pop-Tarts (half at a time)

Rule: Calories = warmth = energy = miles. Never “save food for later.”

Daily Mileage Reality Check

TerrainExpected Pace
Flat, smooth trail2.5-3 mph
Rolling hills2 mph
Steep climbs1-1.5 mph
Rocky, rooty trail1.5 mph
Maine terrain1 mph

Example:

  • 10 miles, flat: ~4 hours hiking + 1 hour breaks = 5 hours total
  • 10 miles, mountainous: ~6 hours hiking + 1.5 hours breaks = 7.5 hours total

When to Slow Down (Listen to These Signals)

  • Stumbling increases
  • Mind wanders excessively
  • Irritation rises
  • Feet hurt
  • Hunger is intense

Response: Stop, eat, drink, assess. Do NOT push through.

When to Stop for the Day (Hard Stops)

  • 2 PM and good campsite available (take it)
  • Feet develop blisters (stop, treat, camp)
  • Weather deteriorating (camp early, don’t gamble)
  • Injury that worsens with miles
  • Mental fog or confusion (sign of bonking or dehydration)

Rule: Tomorrow’s miles are cheaper than today’s injury.


Evening Setup Sequence

The 30-Minute Camp Setup (Target Time)

A disciplined evening routine prevents cold, hunger, and poor sleep.

Step 1: Choose Campsite (Included in hiking time)

Site selection priority:

  1. Flat, drains well
  2. Protected from wind
  3. Near water (but not TOO close)
  4. No widow makers (dead trees/branches overhead)
  5. Legal/designated if required

Rule: If you hesitate, keep walking to the next option.

Step 2: Drop Pack & Assess (1 minute)

  • Set pack down
  • Scan campsite for hazards
  • Confirm water source location
  • Check weather (any changes?)

Step 3: Pitch Tent IMMEDIATELY (5 minutes)

Before doing anything else:

  1. Lay out tent body
  2. Stake corners
  3. Insert poles
  4. Attach fly
  5. Guy out if windy
  6. Throw in sleeping pad and quilt (still in stuff sacks)

Why first: If weather turns or you bonk, you have shelter.

Step 4: Get Water (5 minutes)

  • Take dirty bottles/bags
  • Walk to source
  • Filter immediately OR
  • Fill bottles and filter at camp

Camp or source filtering:

  • Filter at source if safe and convenient
  • Filter at camp if source is sketchy or far

Rule: Get water before dark. Always.

Step 5: Bear Hang or Food Storage (5 minutes)

Immediately after water:

  • Identify hang tree or bear box
  • Execute bear hang (PCT method)
  • Or place in bear box
  • Do NOT delay this step

Why now: Prevents “I’ll do it after dinner” failure mode.

Step 6: Cook & Eat (10 minutes)

Cooking workflow:

  1. Set up stove on flat, stable surface
  2. Boil water
  3. Add to meal
  4. Stir and cover (let sit 5-7 minutes)
  5. Eat immediately
  6. Clean pot/cup with small amount of water

Rule: Eat even if not hungry. Your body needs fuel to recover.

Step 7: Evening Hygiene (4 minutes)

  • Brush teeth (away from camp)
  • Wipe down with wet wipes (face, pits, groin)
  • Apply any medications or treatments
  • Check feet for hot spots or blisters

All hygiene water and toothpaste 200 feet from camp and water.

Step 8: Transition to Sleep Mode (5 minutes)

  1. Strip hiking clothes (wet or not)
  2. Hang or drape to air out
  3. Put on dry sleep layers
  4. Get into sleeping bag/quilt
  5. Put on puffy if cold
  6. Organize gear for morning (headlamp, phone accessible)

Rule: Enter sleep mode by dark or within 30 minutes of stopping, whichever comes first.

Cold Evening Modifications

When temps drop below freezing:

  • Set up tent in last available sun
  • Put tomorrow’s filter, batteries, phone inside sleep system
  • Fill water bottles and take into tent
  • Cook inside vestibule if safe (never inside tent body)
  • Get into quilt earlier

Zero Day Protocols

What a Zero Day Actually Is

Definition: 24 hours without forward progress on the trail.

Purpose: Physical recovery, gear maintenance, mental reset, resupply.

Not: A day to sit around doing nothing.

The Zero Day Checklist

Physical Recovery (Priority #1)

Morning:

  • Sleep in (8-10 hours minimum)
  • Eat huge breakfast (2-3x normal)
  • Assess injuries and pain points

Afternoon:

  • Gentle stretching (hips, calves, feet, back)
  • Elevate feet for 30-60 minutes
  • Ice any hot spots or swelling (bags of ice from gas station)
  • Shower + full body inspection

Evening:

  • Light walk (15-20 minutes, no pack)
  • Foam roll if available (tennis ball works)
  • Early bed (catch up on sleep debt)

Gear Maintenance (Priority #2)

Required tasks:

  • Check all stakes and guylines (bent? missing?)
  • Inspect tent for tears or holes
  • Check sleeping pad for leaks (inflate and listen)
  • Examine shoes (tread wear, sole separation, upper tears)
  • Test water filter (flow rate normal?)
  • Clean stove and check fuel

Clothing check:

  • Repair any tears with duct tape or needle/thread
  • Check zippers on jackets and pants
  • Inspect stitching on pack straps

Electronics:

  • Charge everything to 100%
  • Clean phone screen and camera lens
  • Test inReach message send/receive
  • Check headlamp battery

Resupply (Priority #3)

Food:

  • Calculate days to next resupply (add 1 buffer day)
  • Buy food for that many days
  • Repackage bulk items into daily amounts
  • Discard excess packaging

Consumables:

  • Refill: wet wipes, TP, hand sanitizer, toothpaste
  • Restock: Leukotape, ibuprofen, bandaids
  • Evaluate: sunscreen, bug spray, lip balm

Nutrition Maximization

Zero-day eating strategy:

  • Breakfast: Large, protein-heavy (eggs, bacon, pancakes)
  • Lunch: High-calorie (burger, pizza, whatever you want)
  • Dinner: Same as lunch
  • Snacks: Constant throughout day
  • Goal: 4,000-5,000 calories minimum

Rule: If you’re not slightly uncomfortable, you didn’t eat enough.

Mental Reset (Often Forgotten)

Activities that actually help:

  • Call family/friends (voice, not just text)
  • Journal about the last section
  • Review upcoming section in guidebook
  • Watch something funny (not trail content)
  • Read something non-trail related

Activities that don’t help:

  • Doomscrolling social media
  • Watching other hikers’ content (breeds comparison)
  • Obsessing over gear or mileage
  • Planning too far ahead

Common Zero Day Mistakes

❌ Sleeping all day (recover actively, not passively) ❌ Eating only one huge meal (spread calories across day) ❌ Skipping gear maintenance (small problems become hike-enders) ❌ Staying in town too long (momentum is real) ❌ Partying/drinking heavily (recovery requires actual recovery)

The 24-Hour Rule

By hour 24 of your zero:

  • Body should feel ~70% recovered
  • Gear should be clean and functional
  • Food bag should be full
  • Mind should be ready to hike

If you’re not there, consider a second zero. But if you’re still not there after 48 hours, the problem isn’t physical.


Physical Maintenance

Daily Foot Care (Non-Negotiable)

Every single day, without exception:

Morning Foot Check (Before Hiking)

  1. Inspect both feet visually
  2. Check between toes (moisture, fungus)
  3. Apply Leukotape to known hot spots BEFORE they hurt
  4. Put on clean, dry socks (or least-damp pair)

Pre-taping locations:

  • Back of heels
  • Ball of foot
  • Between toes (if prone to blisters)

During-Hike Foot Monitoring

STOP immediately if you feel:

  • Hot spot developing
  • Rubbing or friction
  • Burning sensation
  • Toe pain

Response:

  1. Remove shoe and sock
  2. Identify problem area
  3. Apply Leukotape over problem spot
  4. Apply benzoin if available (better adhesion)
  5. Put sock back on
  6. Continue hiking

Rule: 2 minutes of taping now saves 2 days of misery later.

Evening Foot Care

  1. Remove shoes and socks as soon as you stop
  2. Air feet out for 15-30 minutes
  3. Wipe with wet wipe or rinse in stream
  4. Dry thoroughly (especially between toes)
  5. Apply foot powder or anti-fungal if needed
  6. Put on dry sleep socks
  7. Elevate feet while cooking/eating

Blister Management (If Prevention Fails)

Small blister (< dime size):

  • Leave intact if possible
  • Tape over with Leukotape
  • Monitor daily

Large blister (> dime size):

  1. Sterilize needle with lighter
  2. Puncture at edge (not center)
  3. Drain fluid
  4. Do NOT remove skin
  5. Apply antibiotic ointment
  6. Cover with non-stick gauze
  7. Tape over with Leukotape

Infected blister (red, hot, pus):

  • Do NOT pop
  • See medical professional immediately
  • This can end your hike

Joint & Tendon Care

Daily maintenance:

Knees:

  • Wear brace during downhills (you already have this)
  • Use trekking poles to reduce impact
  • Ice at night if swollen (cold stream water works)
  • Ibuprofen if inflamed (follow dosing limits)

Ankles:

  • Gentle ankle circles morning and evening
  • Compression socks if swelling occurs
  • Elevate in camp

Hips:

  • Hip flexor stretches nightly
  • Pigeon pose if comfortable
  • Loosen hip belt during breaks

Stretching Routine (10 minutes, every evening)

Post-hike stretches (hold each 30-60 seconds):

  1. Calf stretch: Step forward, back leg straight, lean into it
  2. Quad stretch: Grab foot behind you, pull to butt
  3. Hip flexor: Lunge position, push hips forward
  4. Hamstring: Sit, legs straight, reach for toes
  5. IT band: Cross legs, lean to side
  6. Lower back: Knees to chest, gentle rock

Rule: Stretch AFTER hiking, never before (cold muscles tear easily).

Pain Management Philosophy

Acceptable pain:

  • General muscle soreness
  • Mild joint achiness
  • Tired, heavy legs

Unacceptable pain:

  • Sharp, stabbing sensations
  • Pain that worsens with every step
  • Pain that doesn’t improve overnight
  • Pain that alters your gait

Response to unacceptable pain:

  1. Stop immediately
  2. Ice if possible
  3. Take ibuprofen
  4. Evaluate: Can this heal while hiking?
  5. If no: Take zero day or see medical professional

Rule: Limping to save mileage creates injuries that end hikes.


Trail Culture & Etiquette

The Unwritten Rules

Trail culture has evolved over decades. Following these norms prevents conflict and builds community.

Passing Faster Hikers

When someone overtakes you:

  • Step aside at the next wide spot
  • Let them pass without making them ask
  • Brief greeting is fine, don’t force conversation

When you overtake someone:

  • Announce “Hiker coming up behind you”
  • Wait for them to step aside
  • Say “Thanks” as you pass
  • Don’t judge their pace

Rule: Uphill hiker has right of way (they’re working harder).

Shelter Etiquette

Arrival:

  • Greet others already there
  • Choose sleeping spot away from others if possible
  • Don’t spread gear everywhere (keep it contained)
  • Hang food immediately

Conversation:

  • Respect quiet hours (typically after 9 PM)
  • Ask before playing music (even with headphones leaking)
  • Don’t force conversation on others
  • No phone calls on speaker (step away from shelter)

Morning:

  • Pack quietly if others are sleeping
  • Leave shelter area cleaner than you found it
  • Don’t wake others by accident

Snoring:

  • Earplugs are YOUR responsibility, not theirs
  • Everyone snores sometimes
  • Don’t complain about it

Trail Magic Etiquette

Trail magic: Unexpected help/food/drinks from non-hikers

When you encounter trail magic:

  • Say thank you (enthusiastically)
  • Take only your fair share
  • Don’t linger if others are waiting
  • Offer to help clean up
  • NEVER expect trail magic

What NOT to do:

  • Complain about what’s offered
  • Take extras “for later”
  • Leave trash behind
  • Ask for rides or favors

Trail Names

How trail names happen:

  • Someone gives you one based on something you did/said
  • You don’t choose your own (that’s the point)
  • It sticks if it’s good, fades if it’s forced

Using trail names:

  • Introduce yourself by real name first time
  • Adopt trail name if one emerges organically
  • Don’t force it or make one up for yourself
  • Don’t be offended if you never get one

Hiker Boxes

What they are: Free-for-all boxes of abandoned gear/food in hostels and outfitters

Hiker box etiquette:

  • Take what you need
  • Leave what you don’t need
  • Don’t take just to resell
  • Don’t dump trash in hiker boxes

Good hiker box items:

  • Unopened food you won’t eat
  • Working gear that doesn’t fit you
  • Extra fuel canisters

Bad hiker box items:

  • Opened/partial food
  • Broken gear
  • Trash

Town Behavior

In hiker-friendly towns:

  • Respect the locals (they tolerate thousands of hikers)
  • Don’t loiter or panhandle
  • Clean up after yourself in restaurants
  • Tip service workers well (they deal with dirty hikers all day)
  • Don’t bring your full pack into small shops

The “Code”

Unspoken agreements most thru-hikers follow:

  • Help other hikers in need
  • Share trail intel (water sources, hazards)
  • Leave no trace (always)
  • Don’t be a mile-braggart
  • Celebrate others’ successes

What breaks the code:

  • Littering (instant pariah status)
  • Being loud/obnoxious in shelters
  • Taking more than your share
  • Lying about your mileage or experience
  • Drama and negativity

Reading White Blazes

The AT is marked with white paint blazes:

  • 2” x 6” vertical rectangles
  • Painted on trees, rocks, posts
  • Typically every 50-100 yards

Blaze Types & Meanings

Blaze PatternMeaning
Single white blazeTrail continues straight
Double white blaze (stacked)Turn or important change coming
Double blaze (offset right)Turn right ahead
Double blaze (offset left)Turn left ahead
Blue blazeSide trail (water, shelter, viewpoint)
Yellow blazeRoad or alternate route

When You Lose the Trail

If you haven’t seen a blaze in 5 minutes:

  1. STOP immediately (don’t keep going)
  2. Look back the way you came (see the last blaze?)
  3. Mark your current location (mentally or drop pack)
  4. Search in a 30-foot radius
  5. If no blaze found, backtrack to last confirmed blaze
  6. Re-read the terrain (did you miss a turn?)

Rule: Going forward when lost makes you more lost.

Common Places to Lose the Trail

  • Road crossings (look for blazes on both sides)
  • Stream crossings (blazes may be on far side)
  • Open fields or balds (look for rock cairns)
  • Dense forest after snowfall (blazes covered)
  • Logging roads or old woods roads (many intersections)

FarOut App Usage

FarOut is your trail brain: Real-time comments from hikers ahead of you.

How to Use FarOut Effectively

Daily use:

  • Check comments for next 10 miles each morning
  • Look for: water reports, shelter status, hazards, trail conditions
  • Filter comments by date (last 7 days most relevant)

What to look for:

  • “Water source at mile X is dry”
  • “Trail rerouted at mile Y”
  • “Shelter full, camp elsewhere”
  • “Ice on rocks at Z summit”

Contributing to FarOut:

  • Report water status (flowing, dry, sketchy)
  • Report hazards (downed trees, washouts, wildlife)
  • Update shelter conditions
  • Keep it factual (not social media)

GPS Coordinates (Backup Navigation)

Your iPhone and inReach both have GPS:

How to use:

  1. Screenshot FarOut map sections before hiking
  2. Phone will show your location even without service
  3. Cross-reference with paper maps if confused

Emergency use:

  • If completely lost, get GPS coordinates
  • Share with emergency services if needed
  • Coordinates work even without cell service

Night Hiking (When Necessary)

When you might night hike:

  • Running late to shelter
  • Heat forces evening hiking
  • Emergency situation

Night hiking rules:

  1. Slow down to 1 mph maximum
  2. Use headlamp on high beam
  3. Watch for blazes more carefully (easy to miss)
  4. Listen for streams/roads (auditory navigation)
  5. Don’t rush (injuries spike at night)

Rule: Avoid night hiking if possible. It’s dangerous and exhausting.


Gear Maintenance & Field Repairs

Tent Repairs

Small tear in tent body (< 1 inch):

  1. Clean area with wet wipe
  2. Dry completely
  3. Apply Tenacious Tape or Duct Tape (both sides if possible)
  4. Press firmly and smooth out bubbles

Torn guy line or shock cord:

  1. Cut damaged section
  2. Tie back together with overhand bend knot
  3. Or replace with paracord section

Broken tent stake:

  • Replace with stick if needed
  • Trade at hiker box in next town
  • Buy replacements at outfitter

Broken tent pole:

  1. Use pole repair sleeve (if you carry one)
  2. Or wrap with duct tape
  3. Or splint with tent stake and tape
  4. Order replacement section in town

Sleeping Pad Repairs

Finding the leak:

  1. Inflate pad fully
  2. Submerge in water (stream, bathtub)
  3. Look for bubbles
  4. Mark leak location with marker

Patching:

  1. Deflate pad
  2. Dry area completely
  3. Apply patch from repair kit
  4. Press firmly for 30 seconds
  5. Wait 15 minutes before inflating

No patch kit:

  • Duct tape works temporarily
  • Sleep on clothes to add insulation
  • Replace pad in next town

Pack Repairs

Torn pack body:

  • Duct tape both sides
  • Sew if you have needle/thread
  • Replace in town if structural

Broken hip belt buckle:

  • Tie with paracord temporarily
  • Buy replacement buckle at outfitter
  • Most common pack failure

Strap slider failure:

  • Knot strap to hold temporarily
  • Replace slider at outfitter
  • Duct tape backup

Shoe Failures

Sole delamination (sole separating from upper):

  1. Clean both surfaces
  2. Apply Shoe Goo or Gorilla Glue
  3. Clamp with duct tape wrap
  4. Let dry 24 hours
  5. This is temporary - replace shoes

Lace breakage:

  • Replace with paracord temporarily
  • Buy new laces at outfitter or gear shop

Upper tear:

  • Duct tape patch
  • Replace shoes in town
  • Tears usually indicate end of shoe life

Clothing Repairs

Zipper failure:

  • Try pulling slider closed with pliers
  • Rub pencil graphite on zipper (lubrication)
  • Safety pin garment closed if zipper is dead
  • Replace in town

Seam tear:

  • Hand sew with needle/thread (carry in first aid kit)
  • Or use Tenacious Tape over tear
  • Reinforce high-stress areas preventatively

Rain jacket delamination:

  • No field fix exists
  • Use as wind layer only
  • Replace in town

Stove Issues

Stove won’t light:

  • Check fuel level
  • Clean burner with toothpick or needle
  • Verify canister connection is tight
  • Try different canister (old one may be defective)

Weak flame:

  • Fuel canister may be too cold (warm with hands)
  • Blocked burner (clean with wire or needle)
  • Low fuel (switch to fresh canister)

Water Filter Problems

Slow flow:

  • Backflush filter (reverse flow method)
  • Clean pre-filter screen
  • If still slow, filter may be clogged/damaged
  • Use backup chemical treatment

Filter frozen:

  • Filter is likely destroyed internally
  • Switch to backup tablets immediately
  • Replace filter in next town

Field Repair Kit (What to Carry)

Minimal kit (4-6 oz):

  • Duct tape (wrapped on trekking pole)
  • Tenacious Tape (small patch)
  • Needle and thread
  • Safety pins (2-3)
  • Zip ties (2-3)
  • Small lighter (for melting cord ends)

Optional additions:

  • Spare tent stake
  • Pole repair sleeve
  • Gorilla Glue single-use packet
  • Sleeping pad patch kit

Common Problems & Solutions

”I Can’t Wake Up”

Causes:

  • Sleep debt accumulation
  • Insufficient calories
  • Overtraining (too many miles, not enough rest)

Solutions:

  • Take an unplanned zero immediately
  • Sleep 10-12 hours
  • Eat 4,000+ calories
  • Reduce daily mileage by 20%

“My Feet Hurt Every Morning”

Causes:

  • Shoes too small (feet swell over time)
  • Shoes worn out (no support left)
  • Insufficient foot care

Solutions:

  • Size up half size or full size
  • Replace shoes if > 500 miles
  • Ice feet every evening
  • Elevate feet in camp
  • Take ibuprofen before bed

”I’m Always Hungry”

Cause: You’re not carrying enough food (classic thru-hiker error).

Solution:

  • Increase daily food carry by 25%
  • Add calorie-dense items (nut butter, oils, candy)
  • Eat constantly, not just at meals
  • Town-stop more frequently

”I’m Lonely / Homesick”

Normal at these points:

  • Week 2-3 (initial enthusiasm fades)
  • After big towns or rest
  • Bad weather stretches

Solutions:

  • Call someone from home (don’t just text)
  • Take a nero day instead of pushing
  • Camp near other hikers
  • Remember why you started
  • Journal about what you’re grateful for

Not normal:

  • Persistent, doesn’t improve after zero
  • Physical symptoms (chest pain, can’t eat)
  • Thoughts of self-harm

If not normal: Get off trail, talk to someone, take care of yourself. The trail will wait.

”I Lost Motivation”

Common at:

  • Pennsylvania rocks
  • Mid-Virginia (endless)
  • Before the Whites (intimidation)

Solutions:

  • Break hike into smaller goals (next town, not Katahdin)
  • Change something (camp earlier, sleep later, skip shelter)
  • Take an unscheduled zero
  • Reconnect with trail friends
  • Remember: This is temporary. Keep moving.

”Everyone is Faster Than Me”

Reality check: You only see fast hikers because they pass you. Slower hikers are behind you (you never see them).

Solutions:

  • Stop comparing (hike YOUR hike)
  • Focus on finish, not speed
  • Remember: 80% of starters quit. Finishing is the goal.

”My Gear is Falling Apart”

Normal gear lifespan:

  • Shoes: 400-600 miles (expect 3-4 pairs)
  • Socks: 200-300 miles
  • Tent: 1,000+ miles (should finish hike)
  • Pack: 2,000+ miles (should finish hike)
  • Rain jacket: 500-1,000 miles

Solutions:

  • Budget for gear replacement
  • Don’t baby gear (it’s meant to be used)
  • Replace before catastrophic failure

”I Got Behind Schedule”

Cause: Injuries, weather, zeros, slower pace than planned.

Solutions:

  • Recalculate finish date realistically
  • Adjust daily mileage goals
  • Skip planned zeros if weather is good
  • Remember: Flexible finish dates prevent rushing and injury

Mental Game & Motivation

The Stages of a Thru-Hike

Week 1-2: Honeymoon Phase

  • Everything is exciting
  • Enthusiasm is high
  • Pain is novel, not chronic
  • Danger: Overconfidence, overtraining

Week 3-5: The Grind Begins

  • Body aches constantly
  • Routine becomes boring
  • Weather challenges accumulate
  • Danger: Quitting from discouragement

Month 2-3: Trail Legs Arrive

  • Body adapts
  • Hiking feels easier
  • Community forms
  • Danger: Complacency, injury from overconfidence

Month 4-5: The Long Middle

  • Miles blur together
  • Katahdin still seems far
  • Motivation fluctuates
  • Danger: Quitting from monotony

Final Month: The Push

  • Katahdin feels real
  • Energy returns
  • Urgency builds
  • Danger: Injury from rushing, weather risk

Reasons People Quit (And How to Prevent)

#1: Injury

  • Prevention: Listen to pain early, take zeros, don’t push through
  • Response: Rest, recover, or accept trail might wait until next year

#2: Money

  • Prevention: Budget realistically (you did this)
  • Response: Find work-for-stay, skip hostels, resupply cheaper

#3: Loneliness

  • Prevention: Camp near others, engage in trail community
  • Response: Call home, take nero near other hikers, remember the goal

#4: Weather

  • Prevention: Start prepared (you did this)
  • Response: Wait it out, adjust schedule, remember it’s temporary

#5: “It’s Not What I Expected”

  • Prevention: Research (you did this too)
  • Response: Adjust expectations, focus on what IS good

The Mental Toolkit

Daily affirmations that work:

  • “I can do hard things”
  • “Slow progress is still progress”
  • “This pain is temporary”
  • “I’ve handled worse”
  • “Forward is the only way out”

When to use:

  • Mornings when motivation is low
  • Climbs that feel impossible
  • Rain days that test patience
  • When comparing yourself to others

Trail Mantras from Successful Hikers

  • “Embrace the suck”
  • “Hike your own hike”
  • “The trail provides”
  • “It’s supposed to be hard”
  • “Pain is temporary, quitting is forever”

The Decision Framework

When debating whether to continue:

Ask these three questions:

  1. Is my body safe to continue? (Injury vs. discomfort)
  2. Am I experiencing temporary hardship or chronic misery?
  3. If I quit now, will I regret it in 6 months?

If answers are:

  • Yes, temporary, yes → Keep hiking
  • No, chronic, no → Stopping might be right

Remember: Stopping isn’t failure. Finishing injured is failure.


The Daily Contract

At the end of every day, ask yourself these questions:

  1. Did I eat enough? (Honest answer)
  2. Did I drink enough water?
  3. Did I take care of my feet?
  4. Am I in worse shape than yesterday, or recovering?
  5. Did I enjoy at least one moment today?

If you answer yes to 4 out of 5: You’re on track to finish.

If you answer no to 3 or more: Adjust immediately. Tomorrow will be worse if you don’t.


This part covers what happens between shelter and town, between sunrise and sunset. These are the hours that define your hike.

The planning is done. The gear is chosen. Now it’s about execution, adaptation, and staying patient enough to reach Katahdin.

See you on the summit.


20
Chapter 20

The Path to Katahdin

This guide represents everything learned from 840+ miles of thru-hiking, hundreds of hours of research, and the hard-won wisdom of countless hikers who came before. It is not theoretical—it is tested.

The Appalachian Trail will challenge you in ways you cannot fully anticipate. Weather will test your systems. Terrain will test your body. The sheer length will test your mind. But with proper preparation, disciplined execution, and the humility to adapt, you will stand on Katahdin.

Final Trail Truths

  • Heavy packs don’t end hikes—bad sleep and injury do
  • Water planning matters more than mileage
  • Small injuries ignored become hike-enders
  • Weather humility keeps you alive
  • Mental discipline finishes the trail—not strength
  • The trail is not conquered; it is negotiated daily

One-Line Trail Rule

Slow early. Strong later. Never break the 5-day rule.

Every system in this guide exists for one purpose: to put you on top of Katahdin, healthy and strong, before the snow flies.

The preparation is complete. Focus now shifts to execution, pacing, and decision-making.


See you on Katahdin, Theman.


Guide last updated: December 2024
Fact-checked and corrected for 2026 thru-hiking season
Includes: Emergency Exit Points, Medical Access by State, Enhanced Weather/Camp Strategy, Complete Water Source Mile Markers
Total corrections and additions applied: 35+

Quick Reference

Shelter Triggers

Go to a shelter if ANY ONE is true:

1. Wind + Cold

  • Temps below ~25°F
  • Sustained wind 15+ mph or gusts 20+ mph
  • Exposed ridge or saddle
  • You feel cold before stopping

2. Freezing Rain or Heavy Wet Snow

Automatic shelter night. No debate.

3. Ground Conditions

  • Solid ice
  • Snow too deep to anchor
  • No flat or drained tent sites

4. Wet and Can’t Dry Before Dark

  • Damp clothing + temps dropping
  • No sun left
  • Hands losing dexterity

5. Mental/Physical Exhaustion

  • Foggy thinking
  • Irritation during setup
  • Skipping food or water steps

Winter Decision Scoring

Score 3+ → Shelter. Score 2 → Consider. Score 0-1 → Tent OK.

ConditionPoints
Temp below 25°F+1
Sustained wind 15+ mph+1
Wet clothes at day’s end+1
Freezing rain / ice forecast+2
Ground unfit for tent+1
Mental / physical exhaustion+1

NOT a shelter trigger:

  • Cold but dry and calm
  • Tired but functional
  • Others are staying there
  • Convenience
Quick Reference

Layering Chart

While Moving

TempLayers
45-60°FHiking shirt only, pants if windy
35-45°FHiking hoodie, Alpha Freak, hiking pants, Buff optional
25-35°FAll mid layers, Buff, shell for wind only
20-30°FFull layering including shell, Buff, gloves

Static / Camp

  • Down puffy ON immediately
  • Shell over puffy if windy
  • Never rely on Alpha for static warmth

Sleep (Every Night)

  • Smartwool 250 sleep top and pants
  • Dry socks
  • Puffy inside quilt if temps drop

Core Rules

  • Wet hiking clothes = acceptable
  • Wet + cold + static = dangerous
  • Sleep layers are sacred — never hike in them
  • Calories are heat
  • Down puffy: Never hike in it. Put it on IMMEDIATELY when stopped.
Quick Reference

Emergency Protocol

Call Priority

  1. Call 911 FIRST — Always primary for life, limb, or weather danger
  2. NPS Dispatch: 1-866-677-6677 — Non-emergency follow-up within NPS lands
  3. No service: 3 short whistle blasts, repeat

911 dispatchers coordinate with local SAR. NPS number is supplementary.


Location Script

Use this verbatim:

“I am on the Appalachian Trail.”

“State: ___”

“Nearest named point: ___”

“I am hiking northbound.”

“Approximate mile marker: ___”

“GPS coordinates: ___”

“Can I walk: Yes / No / Limited”

“Nature of problem: ___“


InReach Bail-Out

Message your logistics contact:

“Bad weather. Need off-trail help. I’m near AT mile ___ (landmark).”

They call hostels/shuttles and message back.


Press SOS When:

  • Injury prevents movement
  • Hypothermia risk is real
  • Flooding traps you
  • Lost and disoriented
  • Self-rescue is no longer possible
Quick Reference

Resupply Locations

Walkable Dollar General

TownMileDistance
Hot Springs, NC~274.50.3 mi
Erwin, TN~343.80.6 mi
Hampton, TN~421.90.8 mi
Pearisburg, VA~635.70.9 mi
Daleville, VA~727.30.7 mi
Waynesboro, VA~861.71.1 mi
Front Royal, VA~971.11.0 mi
Palmerton, PA~1266.60.9 mi
Great Barrington, MA~1518.81.4 mi
Gorham, NH~1890.71.2 mi

LocationMileNotes
Hot Springs, NC~274.6Most reliable on AT
Damascus, VA~470.7AT hub, generous hold
Daleville, VA~685.3Easy access
Harpers Ferry, WV~860.6Halfway, very reliable
Duncannon, PA~1090.5Great PO + hostel
Hanover, NH~1460.4Before the Whites
Monson, ME~1893.1100-Mile gateway (14-day max)
Shaw’s Hiker Hostel, ME~1893Full resupply + gear ship

Box Format

THEMAN HOGG
GENERAL DELIVERY
CITY, STATE ZIP
PLEASE HOLD FOR AT HIKER
ETA: MM/DD/YYYY
Quick Reference

Weather Warning Signs

Visual Warnings

  • Dark clouds moving quickly (especially low/rolling)
  • Clouds dropping into ridges or saddles
  • White haze on ridgelines
  • Sudden visibility loss
  • Fast temperature drop

Wind Warnings

  • Sudden direction change
  • Rapid speed increase
  • Funneling through gaps/saddles

Sound & Sensory

  • Any thunder (even distant)
  • Metallic or sharp smell
  • Tingling, buzzing, hair standing up

→ Lightning protocol immediately. Get off ridges and summits.


2-Out-of-5 Rule

If ANY TWO occur, act conservatively:

  1. Pressure dropping (watch elevation drift)
  2. Wind increasing or shifting
  3. Clouds thickening or lowering
  4. Garmin forecast worsens
  5. Sudden temperature drop

Pressure Reading (Stationary Only)

Elevation DriftMeaning
±3-5 ft, settlesStable
Drops 10-20 ft over 3-6 hrsWeather in 12-24 hrs
Drops 20-30+ ft in 1-3 hrsWeather imminent